Hanyoyin Warware Matsaloli na Musamman na Manyan Rigon Karfe

Akwai nau'ikan manyan sassan baƙin ƙarfe masu yawa, kamar: babban injin injin dizal, babban motar dabaran, babban murfin murfin ƙwal, murhun murhu mai sanyaya wuta, babban injin mirgina, babban injin ƙera injin, babban injin turbin mai ɗauke da kujera, cibiya ta dabaran a cikin kayan aikin wutar iska da Bases da tankokin ɓarna a cikin makamashin nukiliya, da dai sauransu Baya ga kayan aikin injin da aka kayyade a cikin ƙa'idodin, waɗannan abubuwan kuma suna da wasu buƙatun aiwatarwa na musamman, kamar ƙarancin ƙarfin zafin zafin da ake buƙata don ƙarfin iska. simintin gyare -gyare, da ƙarin ƙarin ƙa'idodin karɓa na musamman don tankokin makamashin nukiliya. Don haka, dole ne a yi la’akari da samar da waɗannan simintin a hankali.

1) Abu na farko da za a yi la’akari da shi shine yadda ake samun sautin girma, mai kauri, da ƙwararre

Tsarin fasaha na samar da manyan sassa na baƙin ƙarfe spheroidal graphite simintin ƙarfe daidai yake da na baƙin ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe, muddin zaɓin sikelin da ƙirar flask ɗin an ɗan canza su daidai gwargwadon halayen simintin spheroidal graphite simintin. baƙin ƙarfe.

2) Abu na biyu, aikin da ya dace yakamata a yi don halaye na yau da kullun na manyan bututun ƙarfe

Siffar da aka saba da simintin ƙarfe mai ɗimbin yawa shine cewa suna da nauyi ƙwarai. Yawancin su suna buƙatar matrix na ferrite, kaddarorin injin dole ne su dace da daidaitattun bayanai, kuma wani lokacin ana ƙara buƙatun aiwatar da tasirin ƙarancin zafi.

Matsaloli na musamman wajen samar da manyan ƙarfe na ductile ƙarfe

Dangane da sanyin sanyin sanyi na manyan sassan baƙin ƙarfe na ductile, lokacin ƙarfafawa na eutectic yana da tsawon sa'o'i da yawa. A wannan lokacin, za a samar da babban tsari na baƙin ƙarfe. Sabili da haka, jerin matsaloli na musamman ga manyan baƙin ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe ko manyan sassan baƙin ƙarfe na bayyana. ： Ƙananan adadin tawada nodular, babban diamita na tawada nodular, murdiyar tawada nodular, ruwa mai ruwa da ruwa, rarrabuwa na abun da ke cikin sinadarai, carbides intercrystalline, da chunky graphite (Chunky Graphite), da sauransu Waɗannan matsalolin sun daɗe suna jan hankali. Kodayake ba a haɗa tsarin ƙirƙirar ba, an ɗauki matakan farko don warware takamaiman matsaloli.

Wata muhimmiyar tambaya ita ce ta yaya za a sadu da warware buƙatun ƙarancin ƙarfin zafin zafin? Haduwar matsalar ita ce kwatance da matakan magance waɗannan matsalolin guda biyu kusan iri ɗaya ne.

Hanyoyi don warware matsaloli na musamman na manyan ductile iron simintin ƙarfe

1) Ƙarfafawa mai ƙarfi don hanzarta ƙarfafawa

Akwai ka’idoji guda biyu da aka yarda da su gabaɗaya game da sanadin rabe -raben ginshiƙi: ɗayan yana faruwa ta hanyar murƙushe girasar spheroidal; dayan kuma shi ne, kwanciyar hankali na harsashin austenite yana raguwa saboda kwararar zafi ko rarrabuwa na wasu abubuwan hadawa, musamman Ce da La. Ba tare da la'akari da ka'idar ko ka'idar ba, ya tabbata cewa tsawon lokacin ƙarfafawa (watau jinkirin sanyaya) a cikin matakin eutectic shine madaidaiciya kuma haƙiƙa don ƙirƙirar gibi mai rarrafe. Sabili da haka, komai irin hanyar da aka bi, muddin za a iya gajarta lokacin matakin ƙarfafawa, za a iya hana bayyanar guntu mai rarrabuwa yadda yakamata.

Hakanan an nuna shi a cikin wallafe -wallafen cewa akwai ƙima mai mahimmanci (0.8 ℃/min) don murdiyar tawada spheroidal. Juyawar graphite wani lokaci wani tsari ne na kwatsam, don haka hanzarta sanyaya, gajarta lokacin ƙarfafawa, musamman gajartar da lokacin ƙarfafawa na matakin eutectic, nemo hanyoyin da za a takaita matakin ƙarfafawar eutectic zuwa ƙasa da sa'o'i 2, wanda ke da babban tasiri. Akwai matakai da yawa a kusa da wannan ƙa'idar: tilasta sanyaya; nau'in ƙarfe rataye yashi; amfani da baƙin ƙarfe da sauransu.

Babban ƙarfin iskar ƙarfe mai sanyi, musamman ƙarfin ƙarfin ajiyar zafi, ana ɗaukarsa azaman ma'auni mai ƙarfi wanda za a iya amfani da shi. Ƙarfin yanayin zafi na graphite ya fi na baƙin ƙarfe da aka ɗora yashi (45W/m • ℃ da 17 W/m • ℃ bi da bi), amma ƙarfin ajiyar zafi yana ƙasa da na baƙin ƙarfe. Idan akwai tilasta sanyaya, ana amfani da graphite don kwatantawa. dace. Don manyan simintin ƙarfe ko manyan ductile ƙarfe, tilasta sanyaya har yanzu yana da ƙarfi. Gabaɗaya, ana iya amfani da na'urori masu sanyaya iska, sanyaya hazo ko na'urorin sanyaya ruwa, har ma ana iya amfani da sanyaya sinadarin nitrogen don hanzarta ƙarfin ƙarfafawa na simintin gyare-gyare. Bayanai sun nuna cewa lokacin da ƙarfe ƙarfe na ƙarfe 20 na ƙarfe da aka kashe simintin kwantena yana ƙarfafawa, tasirin canja wurin zafi shine: nau'in ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana lissafin kashi 58%, graphite da yashi (ɓangaren sashi) lissafin zafin zafi yana lissafin kashi 3.5%, wasu na'urorin na ɗan sha zafi. Heat ya lissafta kashi 3.5%, kuma aikin zafi mai sanyaya ruwa ya kai kashi 3.5%. Ana iya ganin cewa ƙirar ƙarfe na iya gudanar da fiye da 50% na zafin simintin, yayin da babban ɓangaren yana canja wurin zafi kaɗan. Babu shakka, sanyaya tilas ya zama dole.

2) Inganta fasahar tsari

(1) A hankali zaɓi albarkatun ƙasa

Domin samar da ingantattun sassan baƙin ƙarfe mai ɗimbin yawa, yana da kyau a zaɓi cajin wutar ko ta yaya. Abubuwan katsalandan na albarkatun ƙasa yakamata su kasance masu ƙanƙanta. Yakamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga tushen baƙin ƙarfe alade, nau'in gogewar ƙarfe, da zaɓin masu sake yin burodi.

(2) Tsarin hada sinadarai

CE bai kamata yayi yawa ba (4.2%～ 4.3%), idan w (C) shine 3.6%～ 3.7%, w (Si) dole ne yayi ƙasa da 1.8%～ 2.0%; Bugu da kari, w (Mn) <0.3%, w (P) da w (S) suma yakamata a takaita su sosai. Sai dai a cikin yanayi na musamman, galibi ba a amfani da allo, don haka dole ne a zaɓi baƙin ƙarfe sosai.

Dole ne a sami ƙaramin w (Si), in ba haka ba rabe-raben ginshiƙi zai bayyana cikin sauƙi, kuma ƙarancin zafin jiki ba zai cika buƙatun ba. Matsalar tana cikin ƙananan w (Si) ko ƙananan w (Si) Da kuma cututtukan da ke tasowa. Haɗin 100-ton ciyar kwantena na man fetur a Japan shine: w (C) 3.6%, w (Si) 2.01%, w (Mn) 0.27%, w (P) 0.025%, w (S) 0.004%, w ( Ni) 0.78 %, w (Mg) 0.065 %.

(3) Zaɓi ƙyallen duplex

Dusar ƙanƙara na iya ba da cikakkiyar wasa ga ƙarfin ƙarfafawa na ƙarfe mai narkar da cupola da ingantaccen ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Dole ne a narkar da baƙin ƙarfe a babban zafin jiki, kuma ana iya cire S idan ya yiwu, kuma lokacin da ke cikin wutar lantarki bai kamata ya yi tsayi da yawa ba. An ƙaddara zafin zafin spheroidization gwargwadon halin da ake ciki, kuma ba zai iya yin tsayi ko ƙasa da ƙasa ba.

Marubucin ya ba da shawarar kada a yi amfani da hanyar flushing don spheroidization na manyan guda saboda yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo. Aƙalla amfani da hanyar murfin, zai fi dacewa hanya ta musamman ko hanyar ciyar da siliki. Ana ciyar da siliki a madaidaicin wuri, har ma ana iya ciyar da shi tare da siliki mai ɗorewa. Kada ku yi amfani da wakilan spheroidizing da aka saba amfani da su. Zai fi kyau gauraya wakilan ƙasa mai nauyi mai ƙarancin ƙarfi da wakilai masu ƙarancin haske. Idan ana amfani da wakili na spheroidizing, w (Mg) 6% da w (RE) 1.0% zuwa 1.5% sun isa; idan baƙin ƙarfe alade yana da tsabta, w (RE) 0.5% zuwa 1.0% shima abin karɓa ne. Idan ana amfani da hanyar ciyar da waya, za a iya amfani da wakilin da ke da girman w (Mg), amma w (RE) ya zama ƙasa, tare da ɗan Ca.

Zazzabin zazzabin yakamata ya dace (1300 ～ 1350 ℃), bai yi yawa ba, in ba haka ba ƙuntataccen ruwa zai yi yawa; yana da kyau a yi amfani da mai tseren cikin da aka tarwatsa don zubar da matsakaicin gudu, da amfani da kyalkyali mai ƙarfi gwargwadon iko don yin cikakken amfani da faɗaɗawar hoto don ciyar da kai na baƙin ƙarfe. , Don rage nauyi a kan mai ɗagawa da tabbatar da ƙaramin ciki na simintin.

(4) Kula da matsalar ciki

Inoculation yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman matakan fasaha. Ta hanyar warware wannan matsalar ne kawai zai yiwu a tabbatar da ƙarancin w (Si) abun ciki ba tare da matsaloli ba, da kuma tabbatar da ƙarancin zafin jiki. Matsalar yin allurar ba wani abu ba ne illa zabin allurai da hanyoyin maganin allurar. Zaku iya zaɓar mai ƙoshin lafiya tare da dogon lokacin inoculation, kamar wakili mai ɗauke da Ba (wakili mai ɗauke da Sr ya fi tasiri ga baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka da ƙananan Ca), inoculant mai ɗaukar hoto, ko cakuda RESiFe mai dacewa a cikin inoculant .

A halin yanzu, kamfanoni da yawa suna yin allurar rigakafi da kansu, kuma ina tsammanin sun bi wannan ƙa'idar. A takaice, shiryawa "dole ne a jinkirta, amma nan take", ba kawai tasirin yana da kyau ba, amma ana iya rage sashi sosai. Tsohuwar hanyar, kamar sutura yayin jiyya, tana da mummunan tasiri, amma w (Si) an saukar da shi. Matsalar yanzu ita ce idan w (Si) zai yi ƙasa kuma tasirin zai kasance mai kyau, mafita kawai shine canza hanyar. Bayanan gaskiya sun tabbatar da cewa kashi 2.0% na w (Si) mai yiwuwa ne, kuma alamar nasara ita ce graphite ya zama ƙarami kuma ya fi girma. Idan ƙarami ne, ƙimar spheroidization zai zama mafi girma. Idan karami ne, ba za a samar da siminti ba. Idan karami ne, matakin wariya zai yi sauki. Don manyan ɓangarori, idan adadin ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa guda 200 ne/mm2 ko fiye, kuma girman shine 5-6, ƙimar spheroidization da adadin ferrite a zahiri ba zai zama matsala ba. A cikin kalma, babban hanyar da za a yi yaƙi da graphite kuma a yi ƙoƙari don ƙarami da ƙarin hoto shine ta hanyar inoculation. W (Si) yana da ƙanƙanta, kuma babu ciminti kyauta, filastik da taurin tasiri a zafin jiki da ƙananan zafin jiki yana da sauƙin wucewa. Don manyan simintin gyare -gyare, yana da sauƙi a aiwatar da babban tsarin allurar rigakafin a cikin ruwan zubarwa da sanya shingen inoculation a cikin mai gudu. Matsalar ita ce dole ne a sami madaidaicin ra'ayi.

(5) Amfani da allo da abubuwa masu alama

Iyakar abin da aka ƙera da za a iya la'akari da shi don amfani a cikin ƙaramin babban bututun ƙarfe ductile shine Ni, saboda tasirin sa na musamman. Daga mahangar fasaha, w (Ni) <1% yana da fa'ida, amma ko ana amfani da shi ko a'a ya dogara da takamaiman yanayi da la'akari da tattalin arziki.

Microelements suna da ƙwarewar amfani da balaga a cikin manyan abubuwa Bi da Sb. An yi imanin cewa ƙara w (Bi) 0.008%～ 0.010%, don haka w (RE)/w (Bi) = rabo 1.4 ～ 1.5, don ƙara yawan ƙwallo, Yana da fa'ida don rage haɗarin rarrabuwar hoto. Hakanan ana iya amfani da Sb a sassa masu kauri da kauri. Wasu mutane suna tunanin zai ƙara adadin pearlite, amma wasu mutane suna amfani da shi a cikin baƙin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi. Yana iya zama matsala tare da adadin, kuma adadin 50 ppm bai kamata ya zama matsala ba. Farfesa Zhou Jiyang ya taba nuna cewa yin amfani da w (Sb) 0.005% ～ 0.007% na iya hana illar cutar da Ti da RE da yawa a cikin narkakken baƙin ƙarfe.

Kodayake ra’ayoyin masana’antu game da rawar da tsarin kariyar Bi da Sb har yanzu ba a haɗa su ba, an yi yarjejeniya kan ƙarin Ni.

(6) Matsayin yin riga -kafi yana da mahimmanci

Rike maganin maganin baƙin ƙarfe na nodular tare da wakili mai ɗaukar hoto kafin zubar da jini yana da kyakkyawan tasiri na haɓakawa da daidaita ingancin simintin gyare -gyare [3]. Hanyoyi kamar yadda ke ƙasa: 

Bayan daidaita abun da ke ciki [prereatment zai ƙaru w (C) da 0.2%] → de-S → komawa cikin wutar lantarki → ƙara 0.2% zuwa 0.25% na wakilin yin saƙo lokacin da aka ƙara ƙara 1/4 → komawa cikin wutar lantarki da sannan ƙara ɗan ƙaramin zafin jiki zuwa 1 470 ～ 1 480 → → spheroidizing magani treatment maganin allura (Ultraseed available) → zuba.

(7) Amfani da wakilin murkushe kwarin QKS

Mai ƙirƙira ya yi imanin cewa akwai shigarwar 1 foreignm na waje a tsakiyar tawada na spheroidal, yana yin ginshiƙai biyu; Layer na ciki shine MgS, CaS (0.5 μm), kuma Layer na waje shine MgO, SiO, da silicate. Sabili da haka, mai ƙirƙira ya ƙara adadin O da S a cikin inoculant don haɗawa da abubuwan ƙarfe a cikin inoculant don samar da ƙarin sulfides da oxides, ta haka ya samar da ƙarin ƙirar graphite, wanda ke haifar da inginin Ferrosilicon na Ca, Ce da S, O. Wannan inoculant na iya haɓaka adadin ginshiƙan ginshiƙai, kuma yana haɓaka a ƙarshen ƙarshen crystallization, kuma daga baya lokacin faɗaɗa hoto na iya daidaita yadda yakamata a ƙarshen matakin ƙarfafawa. Musamman, ya fi tasiri ga raguwar porosity na gidajen abinci masu zafi na gida [4]. Gwajin ya yi nuni: don shingen gwajin mataki na 5-40 mm, lokacin da ake amfani da SrSiFe, ana rage kwallaye masu ƙima daga 300/mm2 zuwa 150/mm2; lokacin da ake amfani da wakilin Ca-Ce-OS, kaurin bangon bai shafi adadin kwallaye masu hoto ba. Idan aka kwatanta da BaSiFe da 75SiFe. Lahanin raguwa a kan gidajen zafi na shingen gwajin giciye yana nuna cewa akwai ramuka masu raguwa a wuraren zafi na ɓangaren giciye tare da inoculant wanda ke ɗauke da Ba da Sr, yayin da wakilin Ca-Ce-OS baya.

Da fatan za a adana tushe da adireshin wannan labarin don sake bugawa: Hanyoyin Warware Matsaloli na Musamman na Manyan Rigon Karfe 

Minghe Gyare Company aka sadaukar domin tsirar da kuma samar da inganci da high yi Gyare sassa (karfe mutu simintin sassa Range yafi hada da Thin-Wall Mutu Wasa,Hot Chamber Mutu Wasa,Cold Chamber Mutu Wasa), Zagaye Sabis (Mutuwar 'Yan Wasa,CNC machining,Motsa Motsa, Jiyya na sama) .Adadin al'ada Aluminium ya mutu, magnesium ko Zamak / zinc mutu simintin gyare-gyare da sauran buƙatun simintin maraba don tuntube mu.

Karkashin kulawar ISO9001 da TS 16949, Ana aiwatar da dukkan matakai ta hanyar daruruwan injunan jefa simintin da suka mutu, injunan axis 5, da sauran kayan aiki, tun daga masu fashewa zuwa na’urar Ultra Sonic masu wanki.Minghe ba kawai tana da kayan aiki na zamani ba amma kuma tana da kwararru ƙungiyar ƙwararrun injiniyoyi, masu aiki da sufetoci don tabbatar da ƙirar abokin ciniki ta zama gaskiya.

Manufactureran kwangilar masana'antar mutu. Abubuwan haɓakawa sun haɗa da sassan sanyi na sassan mutuɗar aluminum daga 0.15 lbs. zuwa 6 lbs., saurin canje-canje da aka saita, da aikin inji. Sabis-ƙarin ayyuka sun haɗa da gogewa, faɗakarwa, lalatawa, fashewar harbi, zane, zane, rufi, haɗuwa, da kayan aiki. Abubuwan da aka yi aiki tare sun haɗa da allo irin su 360, 380, 383, da 413.

Zinc ya mutu don jefa ƙirar ƙira / sabis na injiniya tare. Custom manufacturer na daidaici tutiya mutu simintin gyaran kafa. Castananan 'yan simintin gyare-gyare, pressurean ƙwanƙwasa masu juzu'in juzu'in simintin gyare-gyaren juzu'ai, ƙera simintin gyare-gyare na al'ada, ɓangaren mutu da' yan wasa masu mutuwa masu zaman kansu da ƙofar da aka hatimce za a iya ƙera su. Za'a iya kerarrar 'yan simintin a tsayi da faɗi har zuwa 24 a ciki. A cikin +/- 0.0005 a cikin. Haƙuri.  

ISO 9001: 2015 bokan masana'anta ta mutu magnesium, Abubuwan haɓaka sun haɗa da matsin lamba na magnesium mai matsi mai yawa har zuwa tan 200 mai ɗumi mai zafi & 3000 ton mai sanyi, ƙirar kayan aiki, gogewa, gyare-gyaren, inji, foda & zanen ruwa, cikakken QA tare da damar CMM , taro, marufi & isarwa.

ITAF16949 bokan. Servicearin Sabis ɗin Gyare Hadawa zuba jari,yashi,Kushin nauyi, Stauren ɓoye ɓoye,Siffar Centrifugal,Cast Vacuum,Dindindin Mould Gyare, .Hanyoyin iyawa sun hada da EDI, taimakon injiniya, ingantaccen samfuri da aiki na sakandare.

Fitar Masana'antu Abubuwan Nazarin sassa don: Motoci, Bikes, Jirgin sama, kayan kiɗa, Jirgin ruwa, Na'urorin hangen nesa, na'urori masu auna sigina, na'urori masu auna sigina, Na'urori, Kayan lantarki, ,unshi, Clocks, Inji, Injiniya, Kayan Kaya, Kayan Jiki, Jigs, Telecom, Haske, Kayan aikin likita, Na'urar daukar hoto, Robobi, Sassaka, kayan sauti, kayan wasanni, Kayan aiki, Kayan wasa da ƙari. 

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By Minghe Mutu Wasa Wasa | Categories: Labarai masu Taimakawa |Material Tags: Gyare Aluminum, Zinc Gyare, Fitar Magnesium, Castan Wasanni, Bakin Karfe Cast, Fitar tagulla,Gyare Tagulla,Fitar Bidiyo,Tarihin Kamfanin,Aluminum Mutu Gyare | Comments Off