Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na Tsarin Siminti na Aluminum

Buga Lokaci: 05 / 17 2021 Mawallafi: Editan Yanar Gizo Ziyarci: 16040

Dangane da abubuwa daban -daban na kowane rukuni na gami na aluminium, abubuwan zahiri da sunadarai na allo sun bambanta. Tsarin crystallization shima daban ne. Sabili da haka, dole ne a mai da hankali kan halayen aluminium. Zabi mai kyau na hanyar simintin gyare -gyare. Domin hana ko rage aukuwar lalacewar simintin gyare -gyare a cikin iyakar da aka ba da izini, don inganta simintin gyare -gyare.

Ayyukan Aiki na Alloy Alloy

Aluminum gami simintin aiwatar aiwatar. Yawancin lokaci ana fahimtar shi azaman haɗin waɗancan kaddarorin waɗanda suka shahara a cikin tsarin cika halaye, crystallization da sanyaya, kamar ruwa, ƙanƙancewa, matsewar iska, matsewar damuwa, da shakar iska. Waɗannan sifofi na allurar aluminium sun dogara ne akan abin da aka haɗa. Amma kuma yana da alaƙa da abubuwan da ke haifar da simintin gyare -gyare, da sarkakkiyar murɗaɗɗen zafin jiki na allura, tsarin ɗagawa, da sifar ƙofar.

(1) Shigar da ruwa

Fluwa yana nufin iyawar halayen cikawa na ruwa. Ruwan ruwa yana ƙayyade ko gami yana iya jefa simintin gyare -gyare. Akwai abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke shafar ruwa. Manyan abubuwan sune abun da ke ciki, zafin jiki, da daskararren barbashi na baƙin ƙarfe, mahaɗan ƙarfe da sauran gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin ruwan gami, amma abubuwan haƙiƙa na waje sune zazzabi mai ɗorewa da matsin kwarara (wanda aka fi sani da shugaban allura mai taƙaitaccen).

(2) Kwangila

Shrinkage yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan halayen ƙirar aluminium da aka jefa. An raba allo ɗin zuwa matakai uku daga ruwa mai zuba zuwa ƙarfafawa har sai ya kai zafin jiki na ɗaki. Su ƙuntataccen ruwa ne, ƙwanƙwasa ƙarfi da ƙuntataccen yanayin ƙasa. Rushewar gami yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ingancin simintin gyare -gyare. Yana rinjayar girman raunin raunin simintin gyare -gyare, samuwar fasawar danniya da canjin girman. An raba raguwar saurin berkelium na yau da kullun zuwa raguwar jiki da raguwar layi. A cikin ainihin samarwa, ana amfani da ƙanƙantar da kai tsaye don inganta ƙanƙarar gwal na gwal. Aluminum gami shrinkage size. Yawancin lokaci ana bayyana shi azaman kashi, wanda ake kira raguwa.

① ƙanƙancewar jiki

Ƙuntataccen jiki ya haɗa da ƙuntatawar ruwa da ƙuntatawar ƙarfafawa.

Fitar da ruwan gami daga zubowa zuwa ƙarfafawa. A ƙarshen ƙarfafawa, za a sami raguwar macroscopic ko microscopic a cikin ɓangaren Vietnamese. Irin wannan raunin macroscopic wanda ke haifar da raguwa ana iya gani da ido kuma an rarrabashi zuwa ƙuntataccen taro da raguwa. Matsakaicin ramin ramin da aka tattara yana da girma kuma yana mai da hankali. Kuma ana rarraba su a saman sashin simintin ko kuma wuraren zafi masu kauri a farfajiya. Ƙaƙƙarfan ramuka masu rarrafe suna warwatse kuma suna da kyau. Yawancin su ana rarraba su a cikin simintin gyare -gyare da gidajen abinci masu zafi. Ƙananan ramukan microscopic suna da wahalar gani da ido. Yawancin ramukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin microscopic ana rarraba su a ƙarƙashin iyakokin hatsi ko tsakanin dendrites na dendrites.

Shrinkage da porosity suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan lahani na simintin gyare -gyare. Dalili shi ne, kwankwadar ruwan ya fi kwangilar kasa. A lokacin samarwa, an gano cewa simintin ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ƙarfe ƙarfe ƙarami ne. Ƙarin lu'ulu'u suna samar da ramukan ɓarkewar Leizhong. Duba kewayon coagulation. Ƙarin lu'ulu'u suna samar da ramuka masu rarrafewa. saboda haka. A cikin ƙira, simintin gyare -gyare na aluminium dole ne ya dace da ƙa'idar ƙaƙƙarfan tsari. Rushewar jiki na buga simintin gyare -gyare yayin ƙarfafawa da hannun ruwa ya kamata a ƙara shi da ruwan gami. Ƙunƙarar ramuka da sassaucin ra'ayi suna mai da hankali a cikin matattarar matattarar simintin. Don simintin ƙarfe na aluminium waɗanda ke da sauƙin watsawa da sako -sako. Adadin shigarwa na tashar jiragen ruwa 100 ya fi na ramukan raguwa na tsakiya. Kuma saita baƙin ƙarfe mai sanyi a wurin da ake samar da lu'ulu'u don ƙara yawan sanyaya gida. Sanya shi a lokaci guda ko da sauri.

②Rashin ƙuntatawa

Girman raguwar layin zai shafi ingancin simintin kai tsaye. Tsarin yana raguwa kuma yana gayyatar manyan. Halin jan siminti na aluminium don samar da fasa da matsin lamba shima ya fi girma: girman da sifar simintin ya zama babba bayan sanyaya.

Don daban -daban aluminium gami, akwai daban -daban ƙuntatawa na gidajen abinci, kuma iri ɗaya an buga. Fitar ta bambanta. Yawan raguwa shima daban ne. A kan simintin guda. Hakanan raguwar tsayinsa, faɗinsa da tsayinsa ma daban ne. Yakamata a ƙaddara gwargwadon takamaiman yanayin.

(3) Fashewar zafi

Faruwar fashewar zafi a cikin simintin ƙarfe na aluminium galibi saboda ƙuntataccen damuwa na simintin gyare -gyaren da ya wuce ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin hatsin ƙarfe. Yawancin su suna faruwa tare da iyakokin hatsi. Ana iya gani daga tsagewar tsagewar cewa ƙarfe da ke kan tsinken yana yawan yin oxidation kuma yana rasa ƙamshin ƙarfe. Ƙwanƙwasawa suna ƙaruwa tare da iyakar hatsi, tare da sifar zigzag, faffadan faifai da kunkuntar ciki, wasu kuma suna ratsa duk ƙarshen ƙarshen simintin.

Daban -daban aluminium simintin gyare -gyare suna da halaye daban -daban na fashewa. Wannan saboda mafi girman bambanci tsakanin zafin jiki wanda aka samar da cikakken tsarin ƙirar crystalline yayin ƙarfafawa na allurar aluminium da ƙarfafawa, mafi girman ƙwanƙwasawar allo da mafi girman yanayin ɓarna mai zafi, Ko da guda ɗaya nau'in gami yana da yanayin fashewar zafi daban -daban saboda juriya na ƙirar, tsarin simintin, tsarin zubarwa da sauran abubuwan. Matakan irin su molds simintin gyare -gyare ko ingantattun tsarin gyaran siminti na aluminium galibi ana amfani da su wajen samarwa don gujewa fasa fasa bututun aluminium. Ana amfani da hanyar zobe mai zafi mai zafi don gano fasa mai zafi a cikin simintin aluminum.

(4) Matsawar iska

Ƙarfin iskar ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana nufin matakin rashin zubar da bututun ƙarfe na aluminium a ƙarƙashin aikin iskar gas ko ruwa. Haƙurin iskar a zahiri yana nuna matakin ƙwanƙwasa da tsarkin tsarin cikin simintin.

Ƙarfin iska na siminti aluminium da aka jefa yana da alaƙa da kaddarorin gami. Ƙaramin ƙarfin ƙarfafawa na gami, ƙaramin ɗabi'ar samar da porosity. A lokaci guda kuma, ƙaramin hazo na hazo, mafi girman ƙarar murfin allo. Haɗin iska na siminti na aluminium guda ɗaya shima yana da alaƙa da tsarin simintin. Misali, rage zafin zafin simintin da aka yi da aluminium, sanya baƙin ƙarfe don hanzarta saurin sanyaya, da ƙarfafawa da ƙyalli a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, da dai sauransu, duk na iya yin iska mai ƙarfi na simintin aluminum. inganta. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da hanyar shigar ciki don toshe gibin ɓarna don inganta ƙullewar simintin.

(5) Fitar da damuwa

Damuwar simintin ta ƙunshi nau'in damuwa guda uku, damuwa na sauyawa lokaci da raguwar damuwa. Abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa daban -daban ba iri ɗaya ba ne.

Haɗin iska na siminti aluminium da aka jefa yana da alaƙa da kaddarorin gami. Ƙananan ƙaramin ƙarfin ƙarfafawa. Halin samar da sinadarin sulfur shima ƙarami ne. A lokaci guda, yana haifar da ƙananan stomata. In ba haka ba, ƙullewar iskar gami zai yi yawa. Haɗin iska na siminti na aluminium guda ɗaya yana da alaƙa da tsarin duba simintin. Irin su rage zafin zafin simintin ƙarfe na aluminium, sanya baƙin ƙarfe don hanzarta saurin sanyaya, da ƙarfafawa da ƙyalƙyali a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, da sauransu, na iya inganta matsin lamba na simintin aluminum. Hakanan ana iya inganta matsin gas na simintin gyare -gyare ta hanyar toshe gibin babban ɓarna ta hanyar hanyar jiyya.

Damuwar zafi. Damuwar zafi ta kasance saboda kaurin sashin da bai dace ba a tsaka -tsakin sifofi daban -daban na simintin gyare -gyare. Sanyi ba wasu dalilai bane. Samuwar matsi na danniya a cikin sashin bakin ciki yana haifar da matsi na saura a cikin simintin gyare -gyare.
Yanke damuwa. Damuwar canjin lokaci yana faruwa ne saboda canjin lokaci na wasu kayan aluminium da aka jefa yayin aikin sanyaya bayan ƙarfafawa. Girman yankin a ƙarshen tsakar gida yana canzawa. Babban memba shine aluminium. Kaurin bangon simintin bai daidaita ba. Ana haifar da shi ta hanyar tsinkayar sassa daban -daban a lokuta daban -daban.
Ƙuntataccen damuwa. Lokacin da simintin gyare -gyare na aluminium ke raguwa, ƙirar da cibiya suna hana shi, yana haifar da matsin lamba. Irin wannan damuwa na ɗan lokaci ne, kuma simintin aluminum zai ɓace ta atomatik lokacin da suka fita daga cikin akwatin. Koyaya, lokacin buɗe kayan da ba daidai ba yana haifar da fasa mai zafi, musamman don ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ƙarfe wanda ke da haɗari ga fasa mai ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin irin wannan damuwa. Ragowar danniya a cikin siminti na aluminium na simintin gyare -gyare yana rage kaddarorin inji na allo kuma yana shafar daidaiton kayan aikin simintin. Damuwa ta raguwa a cikin simintin gyare -gyaren aluminium ana iya kawar da ita ta hanyar annealing. A gami yana da kyau thermal watsin kuma babu wani lokaci canji a lokacin sanyaya tsari. Muddin aka tsara tsarin simintin da kyau, ragowar danniya na simintin aluminum gaba ɗaya ƙarami ne.

(6) Shakar numfashi

Aluminum gami yana da sauƙin sha iskar gas, wanda shine babban halayyar siminti aluminium. Hydrogen ɗin da aka samar ta hanyar amsawa tsakanin abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa na aluminium da allurar aluminium da danshi da ke cikin cajin wutar makera, samfuran kone -kone na kwayoyin halitta, da kyawon tsirrai suna ɗaukar ruwan aluminium.

A mafi girma da zafin jiki na aluminum gami narke, da more hydrogen ne tunawa. A 700 ° C, solubility na hydrogen a cikin 100g na aluminum shine 0.5 zuwa 0.9. Lokacin da zazzabi ya tashi zuwa 850 ° C, solubility na hydrogen yana ƙaruwa sau 2 zuwa 3. Lokacin da ƙazantar ƙarfe na alkali ke ƙunshe, solubility na hydrogen a cikin narkakken aluminium yana ƙaruwa sosai.

Baya ga shakar allurar aluminium da aka jefa yayin narkewa, hakanan yana haifar da inhalation lokacin da ake zubowa a cikin injin. Karfe mai ruwa mai shiga cikin injin yana raguwa tare da zazzabi, narkar da iskar gas yana raguwa, kuma iskar gas ta yi yawa, kuma akwai wani ɓangaren gas wanda ba zai iya tserewa ba. An bar shi a cikin simintin gyaran kafa don samar da pores, wanda galibi ake kira "pinholes". Gas a wasu lokuta yana haɗuwa tare da raɓawar rami, kuma iskar gas ɗin da ta narke a cikin narkakken aluminium tana cikin ramin raunin. Idan matsin da aka samu ta hanyar dumama kumfa yana da girma, saman ramukan yana da santsi kuma akwai haske mai haske a kusa da ramukan; idan matsin da kumbo ke haifar da ƙarami ne, farfajiyar ciki na ramuka tana murƙushewa, wanda yayi kama da "ƙafar tashi", kuma akwai ramuka masu ƙanƙantar da hankali akan dubawa sosai. Halaye.

Mafi girman abun cikin argon a cikin ruwa mai ruɓin aluminium, mafi yawan ramukan da aka samar a cikin simintin gyare -gyare. Pinholes a cikin simintin gyare -gyare na aluminium ba wai kawai rage ƙuntataccen iska da juriya na jeri ba, amma kuma yana rage kaddarorin inji na gami. Don samun simintin ƙarfe na aluminium ba tare da rami ko lessasa ba, maɓallin yana cikin yanayin narkewa. Idan an ƙara wakili na sutura don kariya yayin ƙamshi, an rage yawan iskar gas ɗin gami. Tsaftace narkakken aluminium zai iya sarrafa sarrafa sinadarin hydrogen a cikin narkakken aluminium. Hanyar yin simintin da ke amfani da yashi, yumɓu da sauran kayan taimako don yin juzu'i ana kiransa simintin yashi. Kayan kayan yashi ana kiran su gaba ɗaya azaman kayan ƙira. Gurasar yashi don aikace-aikacen ƙarfe mara ƙarfe an yi ta da yashi, yumɓu ko wasu masu ɗaure da ruwa.

The forming process of aluminum simings is a process of hulda tsakanin karfe da mold. Bayan allurar allurar aluminium ta shiga allurar, ana canja zafi zuwa ga keɓaɓɓen, kuma ana ɗaukar ƙirar yashi ga tasirin zafi, injin, da sinadaran ƙarfe na ruwa. Sabili da haka, don samun simintin gyare-gyare masu inganci, ban da tsananin sarrafa tsarin narkewa, yana da mahimmanci don tsara ƙirar ƙira (ainihin) yashi, yin samfuri da zub da ruwa.

3. Gyaran Gyaran Karfe

1. Gabatarwa da tsarin fasaha

Metal mold simintin kuma ake kira wuya mold simintin ko m mold simintin. Hanya ce ta zubarwa gami da narkar da aluminium a cikin ƙirar ƙarfe don samun simintin gyare -gyare. Yawancin simintin gyare -gyaren ƙarfe na aluminium yana amfani da muryoyin ƙarfe, amma kuma murfin yashi ko murfin harsashi. Hanyar, idan aka kwatanta da simintin gyare -gyare, ƙirar ƙarfe na aluminium yana da tsawon sabis.

2. Amfanin simintin

(1) Abvantbuwan amfãni

Kayan ƙarfe yana da saurin sanyaya sauri da tsari mai yawa na simintin gyare -gyare, wanda za a iya ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar maganin zafi, kuma kaddarorinsa na injin sun kusan 15% sama da na yashi. Gyaran ƙirar ƙarfe, ingancin simintin tsayayye ne, ƙyallen farfajiyar ya fi simintin yashi, kuma ƙimar kristal mara ƙima ce. Yanayin aiki yana da kyau, yawan aiki yana da yawa, kuma ma'aikata suna da sauƙin ƙwarewa.

(2) Hasara

Nau'in ƙarfe yana da babban ƙarfin motsawar zafi da ƙarancin ikon cikawa. Nau'in ƙarfe da kansa ba shi da iskar iska. Dole ne a ɗauki matakan da suka dace don shaye shaye yadda yakamata. Ginin ƙarfe ba shi da ja da baya kuma yana da sauƙin fashewa da nakasa yayin ƙarfafawa.

3. Lahani na kowa da rigakafin simintin ƙarfe

(1) Rufewa

Matakan hana ramuka: An haramta shi sosai don amfani da gurɓataccen kayan ƙarfe na aluminium, kayan da aka gurɓata tare da mahaɗan kwayoyin halitta kuma an ƙone su da lalata sosai; sarrafa tsarin narkewa, ƙarfafa datsawa da tacewa; sarrafa kaurin murfin nau'in ƙarfe, ma kauri yana da sauƙi don samar da ramuka; Yanayin zazzabi bai kamata yayi yawa ba, ɗauki matakan sanyi don sassan bango masu kauri, kamar inlayen jan ƙarfe ko ban ruwa, da sauransu; lokacin amfani da yadudduka na yashi, tsananin sarrafa danshi kuma yi ƙoƙarin amfani da busassun murjani.

(2) Ruwa

Matakan hana ramuka: canza tsarin zubar da hankali da haɓakawa don sanya ruwa ya kwarara kuma ya guji iskar gas; yakamata a yi murfi da cibiya, sannan a fentin, kuma dole ne a bushe sosai kafin amfani; tsara ƙirar Ya kamata a yi la'akari da isasshen matakan shaye -shaye tare da ainihin.

(3) Oxidation da hada slag

Matakan hana hana hadawan abu da iskar shaka: tsananin sarrafa tsarin narkewa, saurin narkewa, rage hadawan abu da iskar shaka, da cire slag sosai. A1- Mg gami dole ne a narke a ƙarƙashin abin rufe fuska; ya kamata wutar makera da kayan aiki su kasance masu tsabta, ba tare da oxides ba, kuma ya kamata a yi ɗumi -ɗumi, kuma za a bushe murfin don amfani bayan rage gudu;

Tsarin da aka zana dole ne ya kasance yana da kwararar kwarara, buguwa da damar yin dusar ƙanƙara; ana amfani da tsarin zubarwa mai karkata don daidaita kwararar ruwa ba tare da hadawan abu da iskar shaka ba; murfin da aka zaɓa dole ne ya kasance yana da manne mai ƙarfi, kuma ba zai yi ɓarna ba yayin aikin zubarwa kuma shigar da simintin don ƙirƙirar Slag.

(4) Fashewar zafi

Matakan hana fashewar zafi: Ya kamata a guji yawan zafin jiki na cikin gida a cikin ainihin tsarin zubar don rage damuwa na ciki; karkatawar ƙirar da keɓaɓɓiyar dole ne ta kasance sama da 2 °, kuma za a iya jan ɗigon mai buɗewa don buɗe ƙirar da zarar ta ƙarfafawa, kuma ana iya amfani da murfin yashi idan ya cancanta Sauya ginshiƙin ƙarfe; sarrafa kaurin rufin don yin ƙimar sanyaya kowane sashi na simintin gyare -gyare; zaɓi zazzabi mai dacewa daidai gwargwadon kaurin simintin gyare -gyare. tsaftace tsarin gami don inganta ikon fashewar zafi; inganta tsarin simintin gyare -gyare don kawar da kaifi mai kaifi da maye gurbi na katanga, Rage yanayin fashewar zafi.

(5) Sakkwatawa

Matakan hana porosity: saitunan haɓaka masu dacewa don tabbatar da ƙarfafawa da ƙarfin ciyarwa; yadda yakamata rage zafin aiki na ƙirar ƙarfe; sarrafa kaurin rufin da rage katanga mai kauri; daidaita yanayin sanyaya kowane sashi na ƙirar ƙarfe don yin bangon kauri na simintin yana da babban ƙarfin motsawa; yadda ya dace rage zafin zafin ƙarfe.

_{Shafuka masu Alaƙa: Gyare Aluminum

Shafuka masu dangantaka:}

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