Sarrafa Yanayin Yanayin Lokacin Shigar da Karfe Mai Karɓi da Aiki

Yanayin Sintering da zaɓin sa

Idan kawai ana la'akari da murƙushewar baƙin ƙarfe mai ɗauke da carbon, yanayin ɓarna da ake amfani da shi a masana'antar ƙarfe foda shine hydrogen, nitrogen, nitrogen + hydrogen (yuwuwar carbon ko babu iskar carbon), bazuwar ammoniya, iskar endothermic, gas endothermic + nitrogen, kira Don iskar gas da gurɓataccen iska, zaɓin da ya dace na yanayin ɓarna yana buƙatar fahimtar halaye da aikin yanayi daban -daban na ɓarna, da zaɓi daidai da ƙa'idodin tabbatar da inganci da rage farashi.

Hydrogen wani yanayi ne mai rage ƙarfi. Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa hydrogen yana da wani tasirin decarburization, amma wannan ya dogara sosai akan tsarkin hydrogen da aka yi amfani da shi maimakon hydrogen ɗin da kansa. Gabaɗaya, sinadarin hydrogen bayan electrolysis ko jujjuyawar catalytic ya ƙunshi wani adadin iskar gas, kamar H2O, O2, CO da CH4, da sauransu, wani lokacin jimlar adadin na iya kaiwa kusan 0.5%. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a bushe da tsarkake shi kafin amfani don rage iskar oxygen da raɓa. Koyaya, saboda hauhawar farashin hydrogen, ba kasafai ake amfani da tsarkakkiyar hydrogen azaman yanayin nutsewa ba sai dai idan akwai dalilai na musamman.

Nitrogen isasshen isasshen iskar gas ne mai arha, amma saboda tsabtataccen nitrogen ba shi da raguwa a yanayin zafin jiki, ba kasafai ake amfani da tsabtataccen nitrogen azaman yanayi mai ɓarna a cikin samar da ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ƙarfe. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yayin da farashin tsabtace iskar nitrogen ya ragu kuma iskar gas na murhun ta inganta, nitrogen kuma ya fara amfani da shi azaman yanayi mai ɓarna don ƙin baƙin ƙarfe mai ɗauke da carbon.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ana ƙara amfani da cakuda nitrogen-hydrogen wajen narkar da baƙin ƙarfe. Nitrogen/hydrogen yawanci ana amfani dashi tsakanin 95/5-50/50. Wannan cakuda yana da takamaiman matakin ragewa kuma raɓa na iya isa ƙasa -60 ℃, gabaɗaya magana, dole ne a ƙara adadin CH4 ko C3H8 don kiyaye takamaiman ƙarfin carbon yayin amfani da wannan iskar a 1050-1150 ℃, yayin da yake nutsewa. karfen carbon sama da 1250 ℃ baya buƙatar sarrafa yuwuwar carbon. Ana iya amfani da wannan cakuda don narkar da baƙin ƙarfe mai ɗauke da chromium ƙasa da 1120 ° C ba tare da iskar shaka ba.

An yi bazuwar ammoniya ta hanyar lalata gas ɗin ammoniya ta hanyar mai zafi, wanda ya haɗa da 75% H2 da 25% N2. Amma gabaɗaya magana, ƙaramin adadin ƙwayoyin ammoniya da ba a gama ba koyaushe suna kasancewa cikin rugujewar ammoniya. Lokacin da suke hulɗa da ƙarfe mai zafi a yanayin zafi mai zafi, za su ruɓe cikin sinadarin hydrogen da atom ɗin nitrogen mai ƙarfi sosai, ta haka za su ƙera ƙarfe. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa idan aka sarrafa shi da kyau, nutsewar AstaloyCrM a 1120 ° C zai ruguje kuma ya daidaita cakuda 90N2/10H2 tare da raguwar ƙarfi. Babban dalilin shine cewa waɗannan ƙwayoyin atom ɗin hydrogen masu aiki waɗanda aka lalata yanzu yayin aikin nutsewa sun fi inganci fiye da 90N2/ Hydrogen a cikin gas ɗin da aka haɗa 10H2 yana da raguwa mai ƙarfi kuma yana iya rage ƙarancin oxide a waje da ƙwayoyin AstaloyCrM. Don tsabtacewa da lalata ammoniya, zaku iya wuce ta cikin ruwa ku bushe, ko amfani da alumina mai aiki ko sieve na kwayoyin don cire sauran An cire ammoniya.

Gas ɗin endothermic shine nau'in gas ɗin da aka cakuda wanda aka samu ta hanyar haɗa gas ɗin hydrocarbon (CH4 ko C3H8) tare da iska a cikin wani gwargwado, preheating a 900-1000 ° C, kuma yana canzawa ta hanyar ƙarfafawa na nickel oxide. Dangane da rabo daga iska zuwa iskar gas, tsarin juyawa yana tare da halayen endothermic ko exothermic. Sakamakon gas ɗin da aka haɗa ana kiransa iskar endothermic ko gas exothermic, kuma amsawar na iya zama kamar haka:

CmHn+m(O2+3.774N2)—mCO+n/H2+1.887mN2

Idan za a aiwatar da abin da ke sama gaba ɗaya, wato, duk C ɗin da ke CmHm ya yi daidai da O2 a cikin iska, iskar/iskar da ake buƙata ya zama m/2 (1+3.774), wanda shine 2.387m. Misali, idan iskar gas ɗin da ake amfani da ita shine CH4, iskar gas/gas ɗin da ake buƙata ya zama 2.387, kuma gaɓaɓɓiyar gas da aka samar a wannan lokacin ya haɗa da 40.9% H2, 38.6% N2 da 20.5% CO. Abubuwan CO da CO suna raguwa tare da haɓaka iska/gas, amma abun ciki na H2O da CO2 yana ƙaruwa. Hakanan yana nuna cewa yuwuwar carbon a cikin gas ɗin da aka cakuda bayan halayen ya ragu tare da haɓaka iska/gas, kuma aikin oxyidation yana ƙaruwa. Wannan kuma shine babban dalilin da yasa ba kasafai ake amfani da iskar gas ba lokacin da ke narkar da ƙarfe mai ɗauke da carbon, kuma ana amfani da yawancin iskar gas.

Gabaɗaya, gas ɗin da aka haɗa ta iska/gas tsakanin 2.0-3.0 ana kiransa isasshen iskar Gas, kuma gas ɗin da aka cakuda lokacin da girman ya fi 5.0 ana kiransa iskar gas. Dangantakar dake tsakanin raɓa na iskar gas mai ƙarewa da aka samar tare da CH4 yayin da albarkatun ƙasa da iska/gas ke nuna cewa iskar/iskar tana tashi ne kawai daga 2.4 zuwa 2.5, kuma raɓa na gas ɗin da aka haƙa ya tashi daga -25 ° C zuwa sama 0 ° C. Don haka, idan masu amfani suka samar da iskar gas ɗin da kansu, yakamata su mai da hankali na musamman don sarrafa rabo daga iska zuwa gas a cikin albarkatun ƙasa (zai fi dacewa ba fiye da 2.4) don samun iskar gas mai ƙarancin ƙarfi tare da ƙarancin raɓa. A cikin gas mai gauraye bayan amsawa, rabon iskar gas daban-daban yayi daidai da rabo a ƙarshen aikin, wanda gaba ɗaya (1000-1100 ° C).

Bayan amsawa, idan zazzabi na gas ya canza, yuwuwar carbon na gas ɗin da aka cakuda, Maɓallin raɓa da rabon iskar gas daban -daban zasu canza. Yawancin masana'antun ƙarfe na ƙarfe suna amfani da janareta na iskar gas ɗaya don samar da yanayin da ake buƙata don murhun murhu da yawa a lokaci guda ta bututun mai. An saukar da zafin zafin yanayi kafin a kai ga tanderun da ke narkewa. . Idan rufin bututun ba shi da kyau, kuma zafin bangon bututun ya yi ƙasa da 800 ° C, to za a ajiye wani sashi na carbon ɗin da ke cikin gas ɗin da aka gauraya a bangon bututun a cikin baƙar carbon. A takaice dai, lokacin da aka haɗa gas ɗin da aka haɗe zuwa zafin zazzabin da ke cikin tanderun ƙura, zafin carbon ɗinsa ya yi ƙasa da ƙarfin carbon da janareta na iskar gas ɗin zai iya bayarwa.

A wannan yanayin, yakamata a ƙara adadin methane ko propane a cikin murhun murɗa don tabbatar da yuwuwar carbon a cikin tanderun. Yanzu wasu masana'antun sarrafa baƙin ƙarfe na ƙasashen waje sun fara shigar da ƙaramin injin janareta na iskar gas kusa da kowane tanderun murɗaɗɗen wuta, da amfani da iskar gas ɗin da aka samar da ita kai tsaye a cikin tanderun murƙushewa ba tare da sanyaya ba, don gujewa shafar yanayin bacci saboda canjin zafin jiki. . . Wani abin da za a tunatar da shi shi ne cewa ko da tare da haifar da tasirin mahaɗan nickel oxide, ƙaramin gas na hydrocarbon (CH4 ko C3H8, da sauransu) yana cikin gas ɗin da aka samu bayan isar. Bugu da ƙari, tsakanin iskar gas a 900-1100 ℃ Bayan halayen ya kai daidaituwa, za a samar da ƙaramin CO2 da H2O (gas), waɗanda ke buƙatar bushewa kafin amfani.

Ƙarin nitrogen zuwa iskar endothermic gas na iya rage abubuwan da ke cikin CO, CO2 da H2O a cikin iskar endothermic gas, ta yadda za a iya ɗaukar hankalin yanayi zuwa yuwuwar carbon da raɓa, da kuma yin wasu daidaitattun daidaituwa a cikin yanayin ɓarna. don sarrafawa.

Gas na roba shine hanyar da masana'antun makera na ƙasashen waje ke ba da shawara a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don samar da iskar gas mai ɗorewa (tsarma) a cikin tukunyar murƙushewa (ba tare da buƙatar injin janareta ba a bayan tanderun). Yana cakuda barasa methyl gas da nitrogen a cikin wani gwargwado sannan kuma kai tsaye ya shigar da shi cikin tanderun wuta. Hanyoyin da ke biyowa za su faru ne a cikin yanki mai ƙima mai zafi:

CH3OH -CO+2H2

Saboda rabo na CO da H2 a cikin gas ɗin da ya lalace daidai yake da rabon iskar gas ɗin da aka saba samarwa ta hanyar da aka saba da CH4, kuma za a iya haɗa nitrogen mai gauraya don haɗa yanayi mai gauraye da abin da ya haɗa da gas ɗin endothermic (1L Methane yayi daidai da 1.05nm3 nitrogen). Babbar fa'idar sa ita ce ba ta buƙatar janareta na iskar gas a bayan tanderun. Bugu da ƙari, masu amfani za su iya haɗa iskar gas daban -daban don samar da iskar gas mai ƙarewa gwargwadon buƙatun su.

Injin shima nau'in yanayi ne na nutsewa, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi don murƙushe bakin karfe da sauran kayan, amma ba a saba amfani da shi don murƙushe baƙin ƙarfe.

Halayen jiki na nutsewar yanayi

Yawancin takaddun yanayi da rahotannin da ke taɓarɓarewa galibi suna tattauna halayen sunadarai tsakanin yanayi daban -daban na ɓarna da jiki a yayin ɓarna, amma da wuya su tattauna tasirin kaddarorin zahiri na yanayi daban -daban akan nutsewa, kodayake wannan tasirin yana cikin lokuta da yawa Ba zai iya ba. a yi watsi. Misali, bambance -bambancen da ke tsakanin iskar gas zai haifar da jan hankali na sinadaran jikin sintered daga farfajiya zuwa ciki tare da buɗewa, ta hakan yana shafar kaddarorin saman jikin da aka lalata. Ga wani misali, ƙarfin zafi da isasshen zafin iskar gas daban -daban suna da babban tasiri akan lokacin ɓarna da ƙimar sanyaya. Wannan sashe ya lissafa manyan kaddarorin zahiri na wasu raunin yanayi a yanayin zafi daban -daban (kusa da zafin zafin jiki) don bayanin masu karatu.

Misalan matsalolin da suka danganci yanayi yayin nutsewa

1 Misalan fashewa a farfajiya na sassan yayin juyawa

Lokacin da aka yi amfani da tanderun murɗaɗɗen bel ɗin ƙarfe kuma ana amfani da iskar gas ɗin azaman yanayi mai ɓarna, idan zafin zafin hauhawar yanayi da yanayi a cikin yankin dewaxing ba a sarrafa su da kyau, fashewar ƙasa zai faru. Mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa wannan sabon abu ya faru ne saboda saurin ɓarkewar man shafawa Ana haifar da shi, amma ba haka bane. Hakikanin dalili shine cewa iskar carbon monoxide a cikin gas ɗin endothermic ya lalace cikin ƙaƙƙarfan carbon da carbon dioxide a cikin yanayin zafin jiki na 450-700 ℃ ƙarƙashin sarrafa baƙin ƙarfe, nickel da sauran ƙarfe. Sabuwar carbon ɗin da aka ɗora a cikin ramuka na jikin sintered wanda ke faɗaɗa ƙarar sa kuma yana haifar da abin fashewar saman da aka ambata a sama.

Ingancin sassan ya bambanta da zazzabi yayin aiwatar da nutsewa a cikin yanayi daban -daban. Daga cikin su, yanayi na 3 shine busasshen iskar gas mai ƙarewa, kuma sararin samaniya 4 da 5 an ƙara iskar gas ɗin endothermic tare da yawan tururin ruwa. Ana iya ganin cewa yayin aikin nutsewa, ingancin sassan yana fara raguwa a kusan 200 ° C, wanda ke nufin cewa daskararren man shafawa a ciki yana ci gaba da ruɓewa kuma yana cika jikin da ke lalata, yana rage ingancin sa. Tabbas, idan babu man shafawa mai ƙarfi a cikin cakuda foda, abin da ke sama baya wanzu. Idan aka yi amfani da iskoki uku da ke sama, bushewar yanayin daga ingancin sintered a kusan 450 ° C, mafi girman wannan sabon abu zai kasance.

Amma abin da ke da ban sha'awa shi ne cewa lokacin da ake amfani da gas 3 (busasshen iskar gas), fashewar ƙasa yana faruwa ba tare da la'akari da kasancewar daskararrun man shafawa ba, yana nuna cewa ba shi da alaƙa kai tsaye da dewaxing, kuma ana samun iskar gas mai arziƙi a cikin fasa. Phenomenon, zamu iya tabbatar da ingancin bayanin da ke sama.

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don gujewa faruwar abin da aka ambata a sama. Abu mafi kai tsaye shine canza yanayin da ke gurɓatawa daga iskar gas zuwa ga cakuda hydrogen-nitrogen ba tare da fasa layin da suka karye ba. Idan ba za a iya canza yanayin bacin rai ba, akwai hanyoyi biyu. Oneaya shine a busa wani ɓangare na iskar gas ɗin da ke ɗauke da tururin ruwa zuwa yankin dewaxing na tanderun murƙushewa. Koyaya, wannan hanyar tana da wahalar samun tsayayyen iko a cikin ainihin aiki.

Ikon sarrafa iska na murhun murɗawa ba shi da kyau, kuma abin da ke faruwa na babban yanayin raɓa mai shiga rami na iya shafar ingancin sintering. Hanya ta biyu kuma mafi kyau ita ce ƙara yawan dumama na sassan a cikin yankin dewaxing na murfin murƙushewa don sa ya wuce 450 da wuri -wuri. A yankin da fashewa ke faruwa a -600 ° C, abin da ake kira dewaxing da sauri galibi an tsara shi don wannan sabon abu.

2 AstaloyCrM misali mai nutsewa

Ana amfani da chromium na ƙarfe a cikin ƙarfe gami saboda ƙarancin farashi da ingantaccen sakamako mai ƙarfi. Koyaya, baƙin ƙarfe mai ɗauke da chromium zai haɗu da matsaloli da yawa a cikin tsarin samarwa. Oneaya shine samar da foda na baƙin ƙarfe wanda ke ɗauke da chromium, wanda dole ne a sha tsauraran matakan atomization da rage raɗaɗi don samun foda tare da ƙananan iskar oxygen da iskar carbon. .

Honganas AB na Sweden a halin yanzu shine kawai masana'anta a duniya wanda zai iya samar da wannan kayan albarkatun ƙasa a farashi mai araha. Na biyu shine ko da za a iya samun foda mai ƙarfe mai ƙunshe da chromium mai inganci, idan ba za a iya sarrafa sintering da matsakaicin zafin jiki ba, musamman yanayin gurɓataccen yanayi, zai fi yiwuwa a yi oxide a lokacin ƙwanƙwasawa da iskar shaka, da sintering yi za a rage.

Ƙididdigar Thermodynamic da ɗimbin gwaje -gwajen sun tabbatar da cewa idan ana amfani da iskar gas ɗin azaman yanayi mai ƙyalƙyali na AsaloyCrM, ba za a iya cika buƙatun da ke ɓarna ba koda kuwa raɓa ta ragu sosai.

A takaice dai, tsabtataccen iskar hydrogen ko hydrogen-nitrogen za a iya amfani da shi don nitsewar AsaloyCrM. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da mafi yawan ƙarshen. , Rabin sinadarin hydrogen ya kai 5%-20%. Mai karatu ya kamata a tunatar da shi ba don tabbatar da abun da ke tattare da gurɓataccen yanayi ba, har ma don tabbatar da ingancin yanayin gurɓataccen yanayi.

Abin da ake kira inganci a nan yana nufin matakin iskar shaka a cikin yanayin bacin rai, wanda galibi ana daidaita shi ta matsin lamba na iskar oxygen a cikin sararin. Lokacin nutsewa a 1120 if, idan matsin lamba na oxygen a cikin yanayi ya yi ƙasa da 1 × 10-14Pa, oxyidation ba zai faru ba yayin aiwatar da ɓarna.

Lokacin da aka saukar da zafin jiki, don hana haɓakar iskar shaka, ana buƙatar matsin lamba na iskar oxygen a cikin yanayi ya zama ƙasa Har ila yau, yana iya tabbatar da cewa AsaloyCrM ya ɓata a 1125 ℃ ba zai yi oxid a 1 × 10-14Pa ba. An tabbatar da lissafin da ke sama ta bayanan gwaji.

Da fatan za a adana tushe da adireshin wannan labarin don sake bugawa: Sarrafa Yanayin Yanayin Lokacin Shigar da Karfe Mai Karɓi da Aiki

Minghe Kamfanin 'Yan Wasa Masu Mutu aka sadaukar domin tsirar da samar da inganci da kuma high yi Gyare sassa (karfe mutu simintin sassa Range yafi hada da Thin-Wall Mutu Wasa,Hot Chamber Mutu Wasa,Cold Chamber Mutu Wasa), Zagaye Sabis (Mutuwar 'Yan Wasa,CNC machining,Motsa Motsa, Jiyya na sama) .Adadin al'ada Aluminium ya mutu, magnesium ko Zamak / zinc mutu simintin gyare-gyare da sauran buƙatun simintin maraba don tuntube mu.

Karkashin kulawar ISO9001 da TS 16949, Ana aiwatar da dukkan matakai ta hanyar daruruwan injunan jefa simintin da suka mutu, injunan axis 5, da sauran kayan aiki, tun daga masu fashewa zuwa na’urar Ultra Sonic masu wanki.Minghe ba kawai tana da kayan aiki na zamani ba amma kuma tana da kwararru ƙungiyar ƙwararrun injiniyoyi, masu aiki da sufetoci don tabbatar da ƙirar abokin ciniki ta zama gaskiya.

Manufactureran kwangilar masana'antar mutu. Abubuwan haɓakawa sun haɗa da sassan sanyi na sassan mutuɗar aluminum daga 0.15 lbs. zuwa 6 lbs., saurin canje-canje da aka saita, da aikin inji. Sabis-ƙarin ayyuka sun haɗa da gogewa, faɗakarwa, lalatawa, fashewar harbi, zane, zane, rufi, haɗuwa, da kayan aiki. Abubuwan da aka yi aiki tare sun haɗa da allo irin su 360, 380, 383, da 413.

Zinc ya mutu don jefa ƙirar ƙira / sabis na injiniya tare. Custom manufacturer na daidaici tutiya mutu simintin gyaran kafa. Castananan 'yan simintin gyare-gyare, pressurean ƙwanƙwasa masu juzu'in juzu'in simintin gyare-gyaren juzu'ai, ƙera simintin gyare-gyare na al'ada, ɓangaren mutu da' yan wasa masu mutuwa masu zaman kansu da ƙofar da aka hatimce za a iya ƙera su. Za'a iya kerarrar 'yan simintin a tsayi da faɗi har zuwa 24 a ciki. A cikin +/- 0.0005 a cikin. Haƙuri.  

ISO 9001: 2015 bokan masana'anta ta mutu magnesium, Abubuwan haɓaka sun haɗa da matsin lamba na magnesium mai matsi mai yawa har zuwa tan 200 mai ɗumi mai zafi & 3000 ton mai sanyi, ƙirar kayan aiki, gogewa, gyare-gyaren, inji, foda & zanen ruwa, cikakken QA tare da damar CMM , taro, marufi & isarwa.

ITAF16949 bokan. Servicearin Sabis ɗin Gyare Hadawa zuba jari,yashi,Kushin nauyi, Stauren ɓoye ɓoye,Siffar Centrifugal,Cast Vacuum,Dindindin Mould Gyare, .Hanyoyin iyawa sun hada da EDI, taimakon injiniya, ingantaccen samfuri da aiki na sakandare.

Fitar Masana'antu Abubuwan Nazarin sassa don: Motoci, Bikes, Jirgin sama, kayan kiɗa, Jirgin ruwa, Na'urorin hangen nesa, na'urori masu auna sigina, na'urori masu auna sigina, Na'urori, Kayan lantarki, ,unshi, Clocks, Inji, Injiniya, Kayan Kaya, Kayan Jiki, Jigs, Telecom, Haske, Kayan aikin likita, Na'urar daukar hoto, Robobi, Sassaka, kayan sauti, kayan wasanni, Kayan aiki, Kayan wasa da ƙari. 

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By Minghe Mutu Wasa Wasa | Categories: Labarai masu Taimakawa |Material Tags: Gyare Aluminum, Zinc Gyare, Fitar Magnesium, Castan Wasanni, Bakin Karfe Cast, Fitar tagulla,Gyare Tagulla,Fitar Bidiyo,Tarihin Kamfanin,Aluminum Mutu Gyare | Comments Off