Fasahar Samar da Karfe na Microalloyed

Fasaha na samar da bututun ƙarfe

1. Karfe bututun mai

 Ƙananan faranti da kauri da coils da ake amfani da su wajen ƙera mai da iskar gas da bututun mai nisa ko kwal da kayan gini slurry bututu ana kiransu ƙarfe don bututun mai. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da faranti na matsakaici da kauri don yin bututu mai kauri mai kauri mai tsayi, kuma ana amfani da coils don samar da juriya mai ɗorewa mai ɗorewa ko bututun ƙarfe mai lanƙwasa. An kafa ƙarfin samar da gida na tan 600,000 na bututun karkace mai karkace tare da diamita na shekara -shekara na 1800mm ko ƙasa da haka. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an kafa layin samar da bututu mai kauri mai kauri mai kauri mai kauri mai kauri 1600mm ko ƙasa da haka. Samar da bututun ƙarfe na cikin gida wanda ya dace da buƙatun ƙirar injiniyan bututun mai na AP15L yana da tarihin fiye da shekaru 10. Baosteel shine farkon wanda aka fara samarwa, haka kuma Anshan Iron da Karfe, Wuhan Iron da Karfe, Panzhihua Iron and Karfe, Jiuquan Iron and Karfe, Wugang, da dai sauransu, ingantaccen samar da bututun bututun X60-X65 da mamaye wani matsayi a cikin kasuwar kasa da kasa, ingancin karafan bututun bututun X70 da aka samar da gwaji ya kuma kai matakin ci gaba na kasa da kasa.

2. Halin da ake ciki na gina bututun mai da iskar gas na cikin gida da waje

A cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, akwai bututun iskar gas 241 a Turai, kuma amfani da ƙarfe ya kai tan miliyan 5.03. Amfani da karfen bututun X65 da X70 ya kai kashi 89%; Bututun mai 33 sun yi amfani da tan 260,000 na ƙarfe, kuma bututun X65-X70 sun kasance 40 %. Karfe mai lamba X70 ya kai kashi 55.25% na sabbin bututun mai da iskar gas da aka gina a Arewacin Amurka tsakanin 1969 zuwa 1998. Ya zuwa yanzu, an gina bututun gas 8 X80 a duniya, tare da jimlar tsawon 462Km, diamita bututu f1118-f1219, da kaurin bango na 12.0-13.6mm. Kuma ya sami nasarar haɓaka ƙarfe bututun X90 da X100.

Gina bututun mai da iskar gas na kasar Sin ya shiga lokaci na biyu mafi girma, kuma girman ci gaban mai da iskar gas a cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa zai zarce shekaru 50 da suka gabata. Za a shimfida bututun mai na 7540Km da bututun gas na 14570Km. Kimanin tan miliyan 5.08 na ƙarfe bututun X42-X65 za a buƙaci. Tsawon sashin cikin gida na aikin bututun mai tsakanin Sin da Rasha da sauran bututun iskar gas na kasa da kasa guda 12385 zai kasance 70Km. Aikin bututun iskar Gas na Yamma zuwa Gabas shine darajar X10, kuma matsin lamba na iskar gas shine 1016Mpa. An kiyasta bisa bututun f14.7 bututu da kaurin bango na 1.75mm, bututun bututun yana buƙatar tan miliyan XNUMX.

3. Buƙatun fasaha don bututun ƙarfe

Karfe na bututun zamani shine ƙaramin carbon-carbon ko ultra-low-carbon microalloyed karfe. Yana da samfur tare da babban abun ciki na fasaha da ƙima mai ƙima. Samar da bututun mai ya kusan yin amfani da duk sabbin nasarorin fasaha a fagen karafa fiye da shekaru 20. Yanayin ci gaba na injiniyan bututun mai shine babban bututu mai dumbin yawa, jigilar iskar gas mai ƙarfi, matsanancin yanayin sanyi da yanayin lalata sabis, da manyan bututun ruwa. Sabili da haka, ƙarfe bututun zamani yakamata ya sami babban ƙarfi, ƙarancin tasirin Bauschinger, babban ƙarfi da juriya ga karayar karaya, ƙarancin walƙiyar carbon da ingantaccen walda, gami da tsayayya da lalata HIC da H2S. Ingantaccen dabarun samarwa shine don inganta tsabta da daidaiton ƙungiya na ƙarfe. C≤0.09%, S≤0.005%, P≤0.01%, O≤0.002%, da ɗaukar microalloying, gurɓataccen injin +CaSi, raguwar haske a cikin aiwatar da simintin gyare-gyare, ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin yawa da ɗimbin ayyuka na Sauƙaƙe saurin sanyaya da sauran matakai. Aikin bututun ƙarfe yana da tsayayye sosai, ƙimar jujjuyawar X70 na samar da ƙarfi da ƙarfin ƙarfe ƙasa da 70Mpa, kuma tasirin jujjuyawar kuzarin ƙarfe na ƙarfe anti-HIC kusan 70J. Babu alamar tauri don bututun ƙarfe a cikin ƙayyadaddun bututun cikin gida da na waje, kawai takamaiman buƙatun kayan bututu:

• ① DWTT≥85%SA a mafi ƙarancin zafin aiki (-5 ℃);
• Ƙarfin tasirin shafan py145J a mafi ƙarancin zafin aiki (-5 ℃).

Fasaha na samar da ƙarfe na jirgi

1. Karfe na gina jirgi

Kayan ƙarfe da ake amfani da su don ƙera jiragen ruwa na farar hula ko na soja ana kiranta ƙera jiragen ruwa. Akwai faranti na ƙarfe, bayanan martaba, bututu, simintin gyare -gyare da gafartawa, da dai sauransu Amma bisa ga al'ada, ƙarfe na ginin jirgi yana nufin faranti na ƙarfe da ake amfani da shi don ƙullan jirgin. Akwai nau'o'i uku: faranti na ƙarfe masu kera jiragen ruwa, faranti na ƙarfe masu ƙarfi, da kwalekwalen jiragen ruwa.

2. Buƙatun fasaha don ginin ƙarfe

• Bukatun ƙarfi. Ƙarfin da ya fi girma zai iya rage nauyin ƙwanƙwasa, rage aikin walda, da haɓaka ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi. An ƙuntata amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi da ƙwanƙwasawa da juriya na ɓarna.
• Shape Siffar ƙullin yana da rikitarwa. Akwai nau'ikan lanƙwasa guda ɗaya ko hyperboloids, kuma ana buƙatar ayyuka daban -daban kamar sanyi, lanƙwasa mai zafi da gyara. Ana buƙatar dacewa da ƙarfe zuwa tsarin ginin jirgi, gami da walda da gyarawa.
• ③ Abubuwan buƙatun filastik da tauri sun isa su rama tasirin tasirin aiki da hawan keke a kan kayan saboda ayyuka daban -daban a cikin aikin ginin. Don sassa masu mahimmanci kamar baka, sashin da matsi mai lanƙwasawa na ƙwanƙwasa ya fi girma, ƙasan jirgin da mai kamawa na gefen, ana buƙatar babban tsayayyar tsagewa, kuma ana buƙatar samun ƙaramin tsawa-mai rauni canjin zafin jiki da isasshen tasirin sha a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafin ƙasa. .
• Resistance Tsayin lalata ruwan teku

3. Buƙatar ƙera ƙarfe

A cikin shekarun 1990s, haɓakar ƙimar jigilar kayayyaki ta ƙasa da ƙasa ya ƙaru fiye da haɓaka ƙarfin jigilar kayayyaki. A cikin kasuwar jigilar kayayyaki, sabon ginin jirgin ruwa da tsoffin ma'amaloli na jirgi suna aiki. A cikin shekaru biyar na farko, sabbin ma'amaloli na jiragen ruwa sun kai tan miliyan 32 na ƙaura. Kamfanin masana'antun kera jiragen ruwa na kasar Sin kadai ya gina tan miliyan 6.76 na jiragen ruwa, kuma ana iya sake gina tan miliyan 3.5-4 a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa. Yana lissafin 1/10 na ƙimar ginin jirgin ruwa na duniya.

Masana'antun kera jiragen ruwa na kasar Sin sun sami damar gina tankokin mai na tan 280,000, manyan tankokin mai tan 150,000, dandamali na tono ton 1,200, jiragen ruwa 4200m3LPG, 3000m3 ruwan iskar gas, da manyan jiragen ruwa masu sarrafa kansu masu sarrafa kansu.

Ikon ginin jiragen ruwa na kamfanonin kera jiragen ruwa na cikin gida, Ma'aikatar Sufuri da Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta kai tan miliyan 6. Zai iya gina dubunnan samfuran da ba jirgi ba a cikin nau'ikan 24 don ƙera ƙarfe, wutar lantarki, petrochemical, hydropower, coal, gine-gine na birni da masana'antun masana'antu masu haske. Koyaya, ƙarfin samarwa ya ɗan yi ƙasa da tan miliyan 14 na Japan da tan miliyan 13 na Koriya ta Kudu.

A halin yanzu, buƙatun ƙarfe na kera jiragen ruwa a kowace shekara shine tan miliyan biyu, wanda farantan ƙarfe na kera jirgin ya kai tan miliyan 2 zuwa 1. Ainihin, ana iya samar da samfuran ƙarfe huɗu da maki biyar na faranti na jirgi a China. Buƙatar jirgi mai ƙarfi na 1.2Mpa har yanzu shine babban, kuma ana iya samar da babban jirgin ruwa mai ƙarfi na 240, 450Mpa.

4. Mahimman batutuwa na fasahar samarwa na ƙarfe mai gina jirgi

• ① Don faranti na jirgin A da D, buƙatun tsabta sune ≤0.008s, ≤0.015P, buƙatun Class E shine ≤0.005%S, ≤0.010%P, Buƙatun Class F ≤0.002%S, da ≤0.005%P. Don faranti na ƙarfe na jiragen ruwa, don tabbatar da NDT≤-550C, ana buƙatar zama ≤0.002%S, ≤0.005%P, ≤40ppmN, ≤10ppmO da ≤1.0ppppmH. Tsarin tsaftacewa yana da mahimmanci.
• ② Za a iya isar da maki A da D ta hanyar mirginawa da sarrafa mirgina. Darajoji E da F suna ba da damar daidaitawa ko jujjuyawar injiniya.Ya zama dole a rarrabe rata tsakanin mirgina mai sarrafawa da birgima. Matsayin na yanzu ya tanadi cewa ba za a iya samar da faranti na fasinja na E-class da F-class ba tare da yanayin jiyya ba.
• Requirements Abubuwan buƙatun ƙarfe sun haɗa da buƙatu don siffa da daidaiton girma, buƙatun don gano ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ultrasonic da buƙatun don kwanciyar hankali na aiki.

A halin yanzu, kusan dukkanin injinan ƙarfe na cikin gida tare da yanayin farantin mirgina sun wuce zanga -zangar kuma suna iya samar da faranti na jirgin A, B, da D.

Koyaya, rukunin E-aji da babban ƙarfi na faranti na jirgi na iyakance ga Anshan Iron da Karfe, Wuhan Iron da Karfe, Wushan Iron and Karfe, Pudong Iron and Karfe, da Chongqing Iron and Karfe.

Fasaha na samar da ƙarfe don gadoji

1. Karfe don gadoji

Karfe don gadoji da aka ambata a nan yana nufin faranti na ƙarfe ko bayanan martaba da aka yi amfani da su don ƙulle-haɗe-haɗe na manyan akwatunan akwatunan gadoji, manyan hanyoyin gadoji da gadoji na dogo, ban da igiyoyin waya na ƙarfe don kebul ɗin dakatarwa da igiyoyin dakatarwa, da ƙarfin ƙarfe na ƙarfe don ƙulle- welded katako.

2. Halaye na gadar ƙarfe

A cikin shekarun 1950, ginin gada ya canza daga tsarin riveted zuwa tsarin waldi. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don gadar ƙarfe sun canza da yawa. Akwai galibi fannoni da yawa: ƙarfi mafi girma, waldi mai kyau, fashewa mai kyau da aikin tsufa. , Mafi girman aikin gajiya mai rauni, da mafi kyawun juriya na yanayi. A tarihi, an yi amfani da ƙarfe 3% na chromium ko ƙarfe na nickel don gina gadoji. Bayan amfani da ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfe na gadar ƙarfe a hankali an haɓaka shi daga 230Mpa zuwa 590Mpa ƙarfin ƙarfi da 785Mpa ya ɓace da nau'in jiyya mai zafi. Hakanan ana amfani da ƙarfe, wasu baƙin ƙarfe masu juriya na lalata ƙasashen waje don gina gadoji, kamar SMA570 na Japan. Karfe Corten a Amurka, da dai sauransu.

3. Buƙatar gadar ƙarfe

A shekarun 1950, kasar Sin ta yi amfani da karfe 345Mpa CXЛ-1 karfe don gina gadar Kogin Wuhan Yangtze. A cikin shekarun 1960 zuwa 1980, gadar Kogin Nanjing Yangtze da sauran gadoji masu haɗe-haɗe an gina su da babban ƙarfin ƙarfe 16Mnq. A karo na farko akan layi, an yi amfani da ƙarfe 440Mpa na 15MnVNq don gina gadar Kogin Jiujiang Yangtze. Aikace -aikacen microalloying da sarrafa ƙarfe mai jujjuyawa ya buɗe sabon shafi a ƙarfe na gadar zamani na China. Ana amfani da ƙarfe na StE355 don gadar Nanpu, Yangpu da Xupu a kan Kogin Huangpu a Shanghai, kuma ana amfani da ƙarfe 14MnNbq don gadar Kogin Wuhu Yangtze, gadar Wuhan Yangtze ta biyu da gadar Nanjing Yangtze.

Matsakaicin aikin ginin manyan tituna na shekara -shekara a China shine 8500Km kuma manyan hanyoyi sune 1300Km. Akwai gadojin manyan hanyoyi guda 8 tare da tazarar ta fiye da 400m. Dangane da aikin gina layin dogo, gami da hanyar gabas zuwa yamma, wucewa ta kudu zuwa kudu da ayyukan layin dogo na kasa da kasa, jimlar fiye da kilomita 10,000 za a sake ginawa da sake gina ta. Gadar gada kawai akan layin na buƙatar tan 150,000 na gadar ƙarfe. An yi hasashen cewa a lokacin 2001-2005, buƙatar faranti na ƙarfe na gadoji zai kasance tsakanin tan 230,000 zuwa 250,000.

4. Abubuwan fasaha don samar da ƙarfe don gadoji

Ana rarrabe ƙarfe na gadar ƙarfe tsakanin yanayin ƙarfe da baƙin ƙarfe wanda ba a iya sauƙaƙewa, kuma ƙarfe mara ƙima shine babban nau'in. Hankula na ƙarfe maki sune 16Mnq, 15MnVNq, 14MnNbq, SM490. SM520, SM590B, C, ASTMA709, STE355, STE380, STE420, da dai sauransu Dangane da yanayin ci gaban aikace-aikacen cikin gida, 14MnNbq galibi ana amfani da shi ne don gadar jirgin ƙasa, kuma STE355 galibi ana amfani da shi don dakatar da gadoji da gadoji na manyan hanyoyin mota. Duk waɗannan maki suna cikin Nb-ƙunshi, microalloyed karfe.

Ba tare da la'akari da mai canzawa ko murhun wutar lantarki ba, ana buƙatar tacewa a waje da tanderu, kuma buƙatun tsabta ba su da yawa, amma ya zama dole a tabbatar da cewa ≤0.010%S.≤0.02%P.

Dangane da aiki, ana buƙatar ƙaramin kewayon canji. Nb-Ti hadaddun microalloying (14MnNbq) da Nb-V- (Mo) microalloying mai haɗawa ba kawai zai iya cimma tasirin shafan tasiri na 120 ～ 160J da zafin zafin canjin filastik da ke ƙasa -45 ℃, amma kuma yana da mafi kyawun aikin tsufa yana da matukar mahimmanci. don gadar ƙarfe.

Fasaha na samar da ƙarfe don ginin ginin ƙarfe mai tsayi

1. Karfe don tsarukan ƙarfe masu tsayi

Tun daga shekarun 1950, manyan gine-gine sun zama yanayin ci gaban ƙasashen duniya na gine-ginen birane. Lambobin gine-ginen kasar Sin su ma suna tasowa, musamman tun bayan yin gyare-gyare da bude kofa, manyan gine-ginen sun zama alamar zamanantar da birane, daga karfafan gine-ginen da aka karfafa, da karfafa ginshiƙan ƙarfe-ƙarfe, da sauyawa zuwa tsarin ƙarfe. Gine -ginen tsarin ƙarfe suna amfani da faranti na ƙarfe na musamman da bayanan martaba. Saboda keɓantattun buƙatun fasaha da hanyoyin samarwa, an ƙirƙiri nau'in ƙarfe na musamman, wanda gabaɗaya ake magana da shi azaman ƙarfe don tsarin ƙarfe mai tsayi.

2. Matsayin da ake da shi na manyan ƙarfe na ƙarfe a China

Gine-ginen gine-ginen ƙarfe na zamani masu amfani da farar hula a China sun fara ne a shekarar 1985, kuma kimanin gine-gine 30 aka gina ko kuma ana kan gina su. An kammala gine-ginen Ginin Shenzhen Diwang mai tsayin mita 294.1m da na Shanghai Jinmao mai tsayin mita 365 sune manyan gine-ginen karfe na yanzu a kasar Sin. Gine -ginen gine -gine, jimlar amfani da ƙarfe shine tan 12,000 da tan 14,000 bi da bi.

Kafin shekarar 1976 a lardin Taiwan na China, tsayin gine -gine don amfanin zama bai wuce mita 20 ba. A 1977, an sassauta tsayin zuwa 200m. Bayan shekaru 71, an karɓi ƙarfe mai jure girgizar ƙasa da tsarin takalmin gyaran fuska na diagonal, kuma an kammala gine-gine 16 zuwa yanzu. An gina Ginin Rayuwar Shin Kong a Taipei City a 1990 tare da benaye 50 kuma yayi amfani da tan dubu 20,000 na ƙarfe. An kammala Kaohsiung International Plaza a 1993 tare da benaye 85 kuma yayi amfani da tan 58,000 na ƙarfe.

3. Abubuwan buƙatun fasaha na asali don tsarin ƙarfe

• Buildings Gine-ginen tsarin ƙarfe masu ƙarfi suna ƙarƙashin hadaddun runduna, suna buƙatar aminci da aminci, da kuma iya jure bala'o'i kwatsam (kamar ruwa, wuta, girgizar ƙasa, hadari, da sauransu). Sabili da haka, ban da isasshen ƙarfin amfanin gona da ƙarfin ƙarfe, ana kuma buƙatar samun ƙarancin ƙarancin amfanin gona, kyakkyawan yanayin naƙasasshe mai sanyi da babban aikin lalata filastik, ta yadda babu ɓarna nan take da za ta faru a yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali na gida.
• ② Yana da waldi mai kyau
• ③ Kyakkyawan karaya
• Steel Karfe da aka yi amfani da shi don waldawa da haɗa haɗin gungumen katako tare da kauri fiye da 40mm yana buƙatar juriya na laminar

4. Mahimman abubuwan fasaha na ƙarfe don ginin ginin ƙarfe mai tsayi

An fara samar da wannan nau'in karfe na musamman a kasar Sin a makare. A halin yanzu, Wugang da Pudong Iron da Karfe sun kafa sansanonin samar da faranti da sansanonin samar da ƙarfe na H waɗanda ke kan Maanshan Iron da Karfe da Anshan Iron da Karfe. Babban maki na karfe shine Q345B, Q345B-Z8 .5, SM400B, SM490B, SM490B-Z25, da ASTMA572/A572M Gr50, da sauransu.

• Ug Wugang yana ɗaukar tsarin babban wutar wutar lantarki mai ƙona-LF/VD na waje mai tacewa-ci gaba da simintin gyare-gyare ko mutu-siminti-4200 jiyya-zafi mai zafi. Ana amfani da samfuran a Ginin Tianjin Yunding, Ginin Hub na Bayanai na Shanghai, Ginin Dalian Yunshan, Babban Taron Kasa da Kasa na Xiamen.
• Ug Pugang yayi amfani da tsarin fasaha na Baosteel TDS mai zafin ƙarfe pre-desulfurization-converter smelting-cas-OB/RH-OB refining-continuing siminting of steel billets by the 4200/3500 mirgina niƙa na masana'anta-biyu tafiya katako zafi magani makera. Haka kuma an yi nasarar amfani da kayayyakin wajen gina ginin Dalian Ocean Building, Shenzhen World Trade Building, Tianjin International Trade Building da Changchun Everbright Bank.
• Ans Maanshan Iron & Karfe: Samfurin ƙarfe mai siffar H yana ɗaukar injinan ƙarfe na H-dimbin yawa da aka shigo da su daga Jamus da Amurka. Yana da babban digiri na atomatik. Jimlar ƙarfin ƙera Maanshan Iron da Karfe, Anshan Iron da Karfe da Laiwu Iron da Karfe shine tan miliyan 1.4. Zai iya samar da samfuran 100-700mm. A halin yanzu, ba za a iya samar da kunkuntar jerin flange tare da tsayin ciki sama da 700mm da kuma jerin flange mai faɗin flange fiye da 400mm ba. Ana amfani da waɗannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai a cikin gadoji na jirgin ƙasa da dandamalin mai na teku a cikin babban rabo.

5. Bukatu na musamman don ƙera ƙarfe

• Building Ginin ginin ƙarfe mai tsayi yana ɗauke da aikin ɗaukar iska, kuma kusurwar ƙaura tsakanin benaye shine 1/400, wanda shine kusan ninki biyu na tsarin kankare da aka ƙarfafa. A karkashin aikin girgizar ƙasa, kusurwar ƙaura tsakanin benaye ita ce 1/250, wanda kusan ninki biyu ne na tsarin da aka ƙarfafa. Buildingauki Ginin Kuɗi na Shanghai Pudong a matsayin misali, kusurwar ƙaura ta iska shine 1/533, kuma kusurwar ƙaurawar girgizar ƙasa ta Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta Beijing China 1/266.
• Strength Ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfe na gini gaba ɗaya yana da ƙarfi a ƙasa 3000C. A 500 ° C da 600 ° C, ƙarfin amfanin gona shine 0.48 da 0.27% a zazzabi daki, bi da bi. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a inganta juriya na ƙarfe, wanda ya fi ceton aiki da tanadin kayan aiki fiye da amfani da suturar da ke hana wuta da ƙarin tsarin murƙushe wuta, wanda ke haɓaka yankin amfani mai amfani na ginin da rage gurbata muhalli. Japan da Amurka sun saita abubuwan da ake buƙata don ƙirar ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, kuma ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa ya fi 2/3 na wannan a cikin zafin jiki a cikin sa'o'i 1-3 a 600 ° C. Kwarewar da ke akwai yana nuna cewa ƙarfe tare da acicular ferrite da tsarin benzal. yana da kwanciyar hankali mai ƙarfi na zafin jiki. Ƙara Mo, Mo-Nb da rage Mn na iya inganta juriya na wuta yadda yakamata.
• Yawa amfani da haske karfe yi launi rufi karfe farantin

Fasaha na samar da ƙarfe na mota

Masana'antun kera motoci alama ce ta cikakken ƙarfin ƙasa. Ci gaba da bunkasa samar da motoci na kasar Sin tare da lissafa masana'antun kera motoci a matsayin masana'antun masu goyon baya na daya daga cikin burin ci gaban tattalin arzikin kasar Sin tun daga "shirin shekaru takwas na takwas". An shirya cewa a cikin 2000, jimlar fitar da motoci zai zama miliyan 2.7, kuma adadin inshorar motoci zai kai miliyan 2210-23.2. Zuwa shekarar 2010, zai zama miliyan 6 da miliyan 44-50, bi da bi. Yadda za a gane keɓaɓɓen ƙarfe na mota da haɓaka ingancin ƙirar motar ya zama babban batun.

1. Karfe na motoci

Manufar kera motoci galibi tana amfani da kayan ƙarfe da ƙarfe. Gabaɗaya, ƙarfe na mota yana nufin rukuni uku:

• ① Karfe don katako na mota
• ② Karfe don ƙafafun mota
• Steel Karfe takardar ƙarfe

Duk nau'ikan manyan motoci galibi suna amfani da faranti na ƙarfe mai ƙarfi don ƙera katako mai tsayi, giciye da bumpers na chassis; Rim da ƙafafun ƙafafun gabaɗaya suna amfani da faranti masu ɗumi-ɗumi, kuma samar da motoci galibin takardar birgima ce ko mai birgima, kuma galvanized galvanized Ƙananan faranti suna lissafin babban ɓangaren. Ci gaban motoci masu matuƙar haske yana buƙatar faranti mai zurfin fa'ida mai ƙarfi, yayin da manyan motoci ke buƙatar IF karfe da faranti na ƙirar sawun yatsa. Jerin abin hawa na aikin gona yana buƙatar faranti na ƙarfe mai ɗorewa, kuma matakin ƙarfi da daidaito ba sune manyan maƙasudai ba.

2. Bukatun asali don bangarorin motoci

Baya ga ƙarfin da ake buƙata da raunin taƙƙarfan filastik don kayan gini, shi ma ya zama dole a sadu:

• ① Kyakkyawan tsari, ana iya hatimce shi da kafa shi, mai jure ƙwanƙwasa da tsagewar tsage,
• ② Kyakkyawan rigidity da aikin sag-sag, wanda zai iya shaƙar kuzari zuwa matsakaici a yanayin karo.
• ③ Kyakkyawan juriya. Don motoci, ana buƙatar kada ya yi tsatsa na tsawon shekaru 5 kuma babu ɓarna na shekaru 10.
• ④ Kyakkyawan waldi don tabbatar da ingantaccen walda da taro akan layi.
• ⑤ Kyakkyawan sprayability da kyakkyawan abin da aka makala ga murfin murfin.
• ⑥ Babban girman daidaituwa da ingancin farfajiya. Buƙatar layukan samarwa ta atomatik da buƙatar manyan motoci masu inganci.

3. Karfe ga motocin gargajiya

Motoci galibi suna amfani da faranti na baƙin ƙarfe mai zafi, babban farantin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, faranti mai zafi, mayafi mai sanyi, zane-zane mai ɗumi-ɗumi, zanen lantarki, faranti na aluminium, zanen chrome-plated, zanen gado mai launi da zanen bakin karfe.

Yanayin ci gaba na yanzu na nau'ikan takaddar motoci yana cikin fannoni huɗu:

• ① Domin faranti mai zurfi da zurfin zane mai zurfi, ƙarni na uku na ƙarfe stamping galibi shine samar da ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙarfe na ƙarfe.
• To Domin saduwa da ingantacciyar siginar da ake da ita, samar da duk ƙusoshin da aka ƙera tare da isasshen ƙarfi, juriya mai ƙarfi da juriya.
• ③ Samar da takardar galvanized tare da maganin alloying don inganta juriya.
• ④ Samar da madubin madubi mai haske mai kyau yana inganta faffadanci, nunin faifai da ƙoshin bangarorin motoci.

4. Abubuwan fasaha na samar da farantin mota

Takeauki hatimi ko ƙirƙirar takardar mota a matsayin misali:

• ① Jimlar adadin S, P, N, O, da H bai wuce 100ppm ba ta hanyar fasahar aiwatar da ƙirar ƙarfe mai zafi, zaɓin baƙin ƙarfe da tace ladle.
• ② Low carbon ko ultra-low carbon, haɗe mai juyawa mai juyawa da fasahar gurɓataccen injin zai iya sanya abun cikin carbon na ƙarfe ƙasa da 10ppm
• Controlled Ana sarrafa abun cikin abubuwan microalloying cikin 0.02%.
• To Domin tabbatar da kyakkyawan ingantaccen aikin faranti na ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, ana karɓar tsarin sanyaya matakai da yawa idan yanayi ya ba da izini.
• ④ Kula da tsarin murɗaɗɗen zanen gado mai sanyi don cimma matsakaicin daidaiton kaddarorin inji.

Fasaha na samar da ƙarfe kwantena

1. Babban fasali na akwati karfe

Sufurin kwantena shine babban hanyar sufuri na zamani a duniya a yau. Tare da kasuwancin kasa da kasa mai aiki, ci gaba da jigilar kayayyaki iri -iri, da sadarwa na gadoji na ƙasa, haɓaka jigilar kwantena yana ƙara zama mai mahimmanci. Masana'antun kera akwati na China sun fara a ƙarshen, amma ya haɓaka cikin sauri, tare da kusan masana'antun masana'antu 40. Fitowar da aka yi a 1993 ita ce ta farko a duniya, kuma abin da aka fitar a 1997 ya kasance TEU miliyan 1. Yana lissafin kashi 70% na jimlar fitowar duniya.

Babban kayan ƙarfe don kera akwati sun haɗa da faranti na ƙarfe, ƙarfe na tashar, bututun murabba'i da simintin gyare -gyare.

A shekarar 1997, kasar Sin ta samar da tan miliyan 1.1 na karfe daban -daban na kwantena, faranti na karfe 300,000 na gida, da tan 400,000 na faranti na karfe da aka shigo da su. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Baosteel da Wuhan Iron da Karfe sun haɓaka jerin faranti na ƙarfe masu jure yanayin yanayi da faranti na ƙarfe waɗanda ba sa jure yanayin yanayi don kwantena. Yawan isar da kai na farantan karfe ya kai kashi 75% ga akwatunan Corten da kwalayen Sort-Corten. Tare da haɓaka manyan fasahohi, akwatunan firiji masu ƙima da ƙima, akwatunan rufi, akwatunan tanki, akwatunan filaye masu lanƙwasa, da dai sauransu, buƙatar ƙarfe mai jurewa da ƙarfe mai ƙarancin zafin jiki ya ƙaru.

2. Buƙatun fasaha don samar da ƙarfe kwantena

Akwai manyan buƙatu guda uku don bangarorin kwantena:

• Isasshen maganin sag da lalata abubuwa.
• ② Kyakkyawan tsayayyar lalata, musamman buƙatar tsattsauran ra'ayi na yanayin ruwa.
• ③ Kyakkyawan aikin sarrafawa yana buƙatar waldi da ƙarfi.

Dalilin yaduwar amfani da ƙarfe Corten shine cewa ƙarfin amfanin gona ya fi 40% mafi girma fiye da na ƙarfe na carbon, zai iya tsayayya da babban tasiri, baya bayyana hakora da karce, kuma yana da adhesion fenti mai kyau. Karfe Bare Corten ba zai yi lalata a cikin teku na dogon lokaci ba.

Baosteel ya samar da fiye da tan 300,000 na ƙarfe don kwantena tun 1996, kuma ya haɓaka nau'ikan ƙarfe na yanayin tattalin arziƙin Cu-p, ƙarfe juriya mai ƙarfi da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi. WISCO ta haɓaka ƙarfe na yanayi don kera kwantena, tare da ƙarfin samarwa na shekara -shekara na tan 300,000.

Fasaha na samar da ƙarfe don injinan gini

1. Karfe don kayan aikin gini

Kayan aikin da ake amfani da su a cikin hakar ma'adinai da gine -ginen injiniya daban -daban, kamar injin hakowa, murhun wutar lantarki, manyan motoci masu jujjuyawar lantarki, masu tonon ruwa, loaders, bulldozers, kayan aiki daban -daban na tallafi da tallafin hakar ma'adanai, ana kiran su gaba ɗaya injiniyoyin injiniya. Kayan kayan aikin walda sassan da ake buƙata don kera waɗannan injunan galibi ana kiran su da ƙarfe na kayan gini, waɗanda ke cikin rukunin manyan ƙarfe masu ƙarfi. Karfe don kayan aikin gini na iya haɗawa da bayanan martaba, takalmin waƙa, ƙarfe mai jurewa mai iya jurewa, igiyoyin ƙarfe, da ƙyallen ƙarfe.

A cikin 2000, an nuna buƙatar faranti na ƙarfe mai ƙarfi na kayan aikin gini daban-daban a cikin Teburin 22. Kimanin karuwar buƙatun shekara-shekara shine 12-15%. An yi hasashen cewa amfani zai kasance tan miliyan 1.4 da ton miliyan 2.2 a 2005 da 2010 bi da bi.

2. Buƙatun fasaha don ƙarfe don kayan aikin gini

Ainihin akwai faranti na ƙarfe iri biyu don kayan aikin gini, ɗayan yana da faranti na ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, ɗayan kuma yana da ƙarfi da faranti masu jurewa.

Don walda ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, babban tsarin kayan aikin gini yana fuskantar abubuwa masu rikitarwa masu sauyawa. Sabili da haka, ana buƙatar ƙarfe don samun ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa da iyakan gajiya, tasirin tasiri mai kyau, yanayin sanyi da kyakkyawan aikin walda. Tare da haɓaka kayan aikin gini a cikin babban sikelin da nauyi mai nauyi, ana buƙatar ceton makamashi da haɓaka rayuwa, don haka ana buƙatar matakan ƙarfin ƙarfe mafi girma, kuma kaurin farantin yana daga 6mm zuwa 50mm, har zuwa 200mm. Faranti masu ƙarfi suna daga 400Mpa zuwa 1200Mpa, kuma jihohin amfani sun haɗa da nau'ikan daban -daban kamar mirgina zafi, daidaitawa, kashewa da zafin rai, da tsufa.

Ana yin amfani da babban taurin kai da baƙin ƙarfe mai ɗorewa musamman don kayan aikin gini, kamar farantin guga na mai ɗaukar kaya, farantin goyan bayan motar juji, da hakoran shebur na mai hakowa. Ana buƙatar taurin ƙarfe don samun matakai daban-daban na HB235-500, don haka ana isar da wannan ƙirar Class ɗin sau da yawa a cikin yanayin da aka kashe + mai ƙima da ƙima. Kuma zaɓi matakin ƙarfe da sa gwargwadon ainihin taurin da kaurin farantin.

Dangane da fasahar samar da ƙarfe don motoci, tsohon ya haɗa da ƙarfi yayin inganta tauri. A saboda wannan dalili, ƙananan abun ciki na carbon da walda carbon daidai ya kamata a yi amfani da su don mai da hankali kan kira da tsarin sarrafa zafi na ƙarfe; rukuni na ƙarshe Kada ku kula da babban waldi. Kula da ingantaccen tsarin ƙarfafawa na ƙarfe da nau'in tsarin kristal na lokaci mai wuya da rarraba rarraba a cikin ƙarfe.

3. Haɓaka ƙarfe don injunan gini a cikin 'yan shekarun nan

• ① Tare da sabunta fasahar ƙera ƙarfe da kayan aiki, an ƙera sabbin ƙirar gami da sigogi na tsari, kamar zurfin deoxidation da matakan jiyya na titanium, da aikace -aikacen ƙaramin faranti mai ɗorewa.
• ② Yin amfani da microalloying, maganin thermo-inji na Nb microalloyed karfe an inganta shi sosai kuma ana amfani dashi.
• ③ Aikace-aikacen fasahar kashe kai tsaye kai tsaye bayan mirgina ƙarfe mai ɗauke da boron ya samar da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi 980Mpa da ƙarfe mai jurewa mai ƙarfi na 1080Mpa.

Da fatan za a adana tushe da adireshin wannan labarin don sake bugawa:Fasahar Samar da Karfe na Microalloyed

Minghe Kamfanin 'Yan Wasa Masu Mutu aka sadaukar domin tsirar da samar da inganci da kuma high yi Gyare sassa (karfe mutu simintin sassa Range yafi hada da Thin-Wall Mutu Wasa,Hot Chamber Mutu Wasa,Cold Chamber Mutu Wasa), Zagaye Sabis (Mutuwar 'Yan Wasa,CNC machining,Motsa Motsa, Jiyya na sama) .Adadin al'ada Aluminium ya mutu, magnesium ko Zamak / zinc mutu simintin gyare-gyare da sauran buƙatun simintin maraba don tuntube mu.

Karkashin kulawar ISO9001 da TS 16949, Ana aiwatar da dukkan matakai ta hanyar daruruwan injunan jefa simintin da suka mutu, injunan axis 5, da sauran kayan aiki, tun daga masu fashewa zuwa na’urar Ultra Sonic masu wanki.Minghe ba kawai tana da kayan aiki na zamani ba amma kuma tana da kwararru ƙungiyar ƙwararrun injiniyoyi, masu aiki da sufetoci don tabbatar da ƙirar abokin ciniki ta zama gaskiya.

Manufactureran kwangilar masana'antar mutu. Abubuwan haɓakawa sun haɗa da sassan sanyi na sassan mutuɗar aluminum daga 0.15 lbs. zuwa 6 lbs., saurin canje-canje da aka saita, da aikin inji. Sabis-ƙarin ayyuka sun haɗa da gogewa, faɗakarwa, lalatawa, fashewar harbi, zane, zane, rufi, haɗuwa, da kayan aiki. Abubuwan da aka yi aiki tare sun haɗa da allo irin su 360, 380, 383, da 413.

Zinc ya mutu don jefa ƙirar ƙira / sabis na injiniya tare. Custom manufacturer na daidaici tutiya mutu simintin gyaran kafa. Castananan 'yan simintin gyare-gyare, pressurean ƙwanƙwasa masu juzu'in juzu'in simintin gyare-gyaren juzu'ai, ƙera simintin gyare-gyare na al'ada, ɓangaren mutu da' yan wasa masu mutuwa masu zaman kansu da ƙofar da aka hatimce za a iya ƙera su. Za'a iya kerarrar 'yan simintin a tsayi da faɗi har zuwa 24 a ciki. A cikin +/- 0.0005 a cikin. Haƙuri.  

ISO 9001: 2015 bokan masana'anta ta mutu magnesium, Abubuwan haɓaka sun haɗa da matsin lamba na magnesium mai matsi mai yawa har zuwa tan 200 mai ɗumi mai zafi & 3000 ton mai sanyi, ƙirar kayan aiki, gogewa, gyare-gyaren, inji, foda & zanen ruwa, cikakken QA tare da damar CMM , taro, marufi & isarwa.

ITAF16949 bokan. Servicearin Sabis ɗin Gyare Hadawa zuba jari,yashi,Kushin nauyi, Stauren ɓoye ɓoye,Siffar Centrifugal,Cast Vacuum,Dindindin Mould Gyare, .Hanyoyin iyawa sun hada da EDI, taimakon injiniya, ingantaccen samfuri da aiki na sakandare.

Fitar Masana'antu Abubuwan Nazarin sassa don: Motoci, Bikes, Jirgin sama, kayan kiɗa, Jirgin ruwa, Na'urorin hangen nesa, na'urori masu auna sigina, na'urori masu auna sigina, Na'urori, Kayan lantarki, ,unshi, Clocks, Inji, Injiniya, Kayan Kaya, Kayan Jiki, Jigs, Telecom, Haske, Kayan aikin likita, Na'urar daukar hoto, Robobi, Sassaka, kayan sauti, kayan wasanni, Kayan aiki, Kayan wasa da ƙari. 

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By Minghe Mutu Wasa Wasa | Categories: Labarai masu Taimakawa |Material Tags: Gyare Aluminum, Zinc Gyare, Fitar Magnesium, Castan Wasanni, Bakin Karfe Cast, Fitar tagulla,Gyare Tagulla,Fitar Bidiyo,Tarihin Kamfanin,Aluminum Mutu Gyare | Comments Off